Class: Toy::LLM::Engine::LlamaSeqEngine

Inherits:
Object
  • Object
show all
Defined in:
lib/toy/llm/engine/llama_seq_engine.rb

Instance Attribute Summary collapse

Instance Method Summary collapse

Constructor Details

#initialize ⇒ LlamaSeqEngine

Returns a new instance of LlamaSeqEngine.



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# File 'lib/toy/llm/engine/llama_seq_engine.rb', line 97

def initialize
  # P2.5 — the arch owns the arch-level persistent handles + the
  # blocks array (seeded with one block in the arch ctor, matching the
  # former cache seed). Constructed first so the delegators are live.
  @seq_arch       = Toy::LLM::Archs::LlamaArch.new
  @seq_realized   = false
  @seq_t          = 0
  @seq_b          = 1
  # GH#9 — mixed-precision compute. 0 = F32 (current behaviour;
  # bit-identical to pre-GH#9). 1 = F16, 30 = BF16. When != 0,
  # weight matmuls inside build_seq_block / build_seq_qhead route
  # through mp_matmul which casts the F32 master to the chosen
  # dtype inline in the forward graph. F32 master is kept (required
  # by opt_step_adamw); the cast result lives in transient scratch.
  @seq_weight_dtype = 0
  @seq_d_model    = 0
  @seq_d_ff       = 0
  @seq_n_heads    = 0
  @seq_n_kv       = 0
  @seq_d_head     = 0
  @seq_group_size = 0
  @seq_n_layers   = 0
  @seq_vocab_size = 0
  @seq_rope_base            = 10000.0
  @seq_rope_scaling         = Toy::RopeScaling.none
  # Seed a concrete Cfg from the same defaults so the ivar always
  # holds a real Toy::LLM::Primitives::RoPE::Cfg (never nil/RbVal).
  # Rebuilt per realize path once the true dims are known.
  @seq_rope_cfg             = Toy::LLM::Primitives::RoPE::Cfg.new(
                                @seq_d_head, @seq_rope_base,
                                @seq_rope_scaling.freq_scale,
                                @seq_rope_scaling.ext_factor,
                                @seq_rope_scaling.attn_factor,
                                @seq_rope_scaling.beta_fast,
                                @seq_rope_scaling.beta_slow)
  @t_seq_rope_freq_factors  = TinyNN.tnn_null_ptr
  @seq_rms_eps    = 1.0e-5
  @sess                  = TinyNN.tnn_null_ptr
  # P2.5 — token_embed / final_norm_gamma / output / w_proj and the
  # blocks array are seeded on @seq_arch (see arch ctor); the cache
  # reaches them via the delegators above.
  @seq_has_untied_output = false
  @seq_has_qkv_bias      = false
  @seq_gguf_handle_keepalive = TinyNN.tnn_null_ptr
  @t_seq_token_ids = TinyNN.tnn_null_ptr
  @t_seq_positions = TinyNN.tnn_null_ptr
  # GH#7 — batched-training block-causal attention mask. Allocated
  # only when @seq_b > 1 (realize_for_random_init with t_batch > 1);
  # otherwise stays NULL and build_seq_qhead falls back to the
  # diag_mask_inf + softmax path (bit-identical to today at B=1).
  @t_seq_attn_mask = TinyNN.tnn_null_ptr
  @t_seq_x_embed   = TinyNN.tnn_null_ptr
  @t_seq_x_final   = TinyNN.tnn_null_ptr
  @t_seq_logits    = TinyNN.tnn_null_ptr
  @seq_lora_q_enabled       = false
  @seq_lora_q_rank          = 0
  @seq_lora_q_adamw_enabled = false
  @seq_full_finetune_enabled = false
  @ft_globals_weights = [TinyNN.tnn_null_ptr]; @ft_globals_weights.pop
  @ft_globals_m       = [TinyNN.tnn_null_ptr]; @ft_globals_m.pop
  @ft_globals_v       = [TinyNN.tnn_null_ptr]; @ft_globals_v.pop
  @ft_train_embeddings_enabled = false
  # E2.3 (towards GH#14) — projection-lens path. donor_d_in is read
  # from cfg in realize_for_random_init; t_seq_w_proj is the
  # trainable [donor_d_in, d_model] linear inserted after the embed
  # get_rows when donor_d_in > 0.
  @seq_donor_d_in   = 0
  # P2.5 — t_seq_w_proj is seeded on @seq_arch (arch ctor); cache
  # reaches it via the t_seq_w_proj delegator.
end

Instance Attribute Details

#ft_globals_m ⇒ Object

Returns the value of attribute ft_globals_m.



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# File 'lib/toy/llm/engine/llama_seq_engine.rb', line 32

def ft_globals_m
  @ft_globals_m
end

#ft_globals_v ⇒ Object

Returns the value of attribute ft_globals_v.



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# File 'lib/toy/llm/engine/llama_seq_engine.rb', line 32

def ft_globals_v
  @ft_globals_v
end

#ft_globals_weights ⇒ Object

Returns the value of attribute ft_globals_weights.



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# File 'lib/toy/llm/engine/llama_seq_engine.rb', line 32

def ft_globals_weights
  @ft_globals_weights
end

#ft_train_embeddings_enabled ⇒ Object

Returns the value of attribute ft_train_embeddings_enabled.



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# File 'lib/toy/llm/engine/llama_seq_engine.rb', line 32

def ft_train_embeddings_enabled
  @ft_train_embeddings_enabled
end

#seq_arch ⇒ Object

Returns the value of attribute seq_arch.



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# File 'lib/toy/llm/engine/llama_seq_engine.rb', line 32

def seq_arch
  @seq_arch
end

#seq_b ⇒ Object

Returns the value of attribute seq_b.



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# File 'lib/toy/llm/engine/llama_seq_engine.rb', line 32

def seq_b
  @seq_b
end

#seq_d_ff ⇒ Object

Returns the value of attribute seq_d_ff.



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# File 'lib/toy/llm/engine/llama_seq_engine.rb', line 32

def seq_d_ff
  @seq_d_ff
end

#seq_d_head ⇒ Object

Returns the value of attribute seq_d_head.



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# File 'lib/toy/llm/engine/llama_seq_engine.rb', line 32

def seq_d_head
  @seq_d_head
end

#seq_d_model ⇒ Object

Returns the value of attribute seq_d_model.



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# File 'lib/toy/llm/engine/llama_seq_engine.rb', line 32

def seq_d_model
  @seq_d_model
end

#seq_full_finetune_enabled ⇒ Object

Returns the value of attribute seq_full_finetune_enabled.



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# File 'lib/toy/llm/engine/llama_seq_engine.rb', line 32

def seq_full_finetune_enabled
  @seq_full_finetune_enabled
end

#seq_gguf_handle_keepalive ⇒ Object

Returns the value of attribute seq_gguf_handle_keepalive.



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# File 'lib/toy/llm/engine/llama_seq_engine.rb', line 32

def seq_gguf_handle_keepalive
  @seq_gguf_handle_keepalive
end

#seq_group_size ⇒ Object

Returns the value of attribute seq_group_size.



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# File 'lib/toy/llm/engine/llama_seq_engine.rb', line 32

def seq_group_size
  @seq_group_size
end

#seq_has_qkv_bias ⇒ Object

Returns the value of attribute seq_has_qkv_bias.



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# File 'lib/toy/llm/engine/llama_seq_engine.rb', line 32

def seq_has_qkv_bias
  @seq_has_qkv_bias
end

#seq_has_untied_output ⇒ Object

Returns the value of attribute seq_has_untied_output.



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# File 'lib/toy/llm/engine/llama_seq_engine.rb', line 32

def seq_has_untied_output
  @seq_has_untied_output
end

#seq_lora_q_adamw_enabled ⇒ Object

Returns the value of attribute seq_lora_q_adamw_enabled.



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# File 'lib/toy/llm/engine/llama_seq_engine.rb', line 32

def seq_lora_q_adamw_enabled
  @seq_lora_q_adamw_enabled
end

#seq_lora_q_enabled ⇒ Object

Returns the value of attribute seq_lora_q_enabled.



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# File 'lib/toy/llm/engine/llama_seq_engine.rb', line 32

def seq_lora_q_enabled
  @seq_lora_q_enabled
end

#seq_lora_q_rank ⇒ Object

Returns the value of attribute seq_lora_q_rank.



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# File 'lib/toy/llm/engine/llama_seq_engine.rb', line 32

def seq_lora_q_rank
  @seq_lora_q_rank
end

#seq_n_heads ⇒ Object

Returns the value of attribute seq_n_heads.



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# File 'lib/toy/llm/engine/llama_seq_engine.rb', line 32

def seq_n_heads
  @seq_n_heads
end

#seq_n_kv ⇒ Object

Returns the value of attribute seq_n_kv.



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# File 'lib/toy/llm/engine/llama_seq_engine.rb', line 32

def seq_n_kv
  @seq_n_kv
end

#seq_n_layers ⇒ Object

Returns the value of attribute seq_n_layers.



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# File 'lib/toy/llm/engine/llama_seq_engine.rb', line 32

def seq_n_layers
  @seq_n_layers
end

#seq_realized ⇒ Object

Returns the value of attribute seq_realized.



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# File 'lib/toy/llm/engine/llama_seq_engine.rb', line 32

def seq_realized
  @seq_realized
end

#seq_rms_eps ⇒ Object

Returns the value of attribute seq_rms_eps.



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# File 'lib/toy/llm/engine/llama_seq_engine.rb', line 32

def seq_rms_eps
  @seq_rms_eps
end

#seq_rope_base ⇒ Object

Returns the value of attribute seq_rope_base.



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# File 'lib/toy/llm/engine/llama_seq_engine.rb', line 32

def seq_rope_base
  @seq_rope_base
end

#seq_rope_scaling ⇒ Object

Returns the value of attribute seq_rope_scaling.



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# File 'lib/toy/llm/engine/llama_seq_engine.rb', line 32

def seq_rope_scaling
  @seq_rope_scaling
end

#seq_t ⇒ Object

Returns the value of attribute seq_t.



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# File 'lib/toy/llm/engine/llama_seq_engine.rb', line 32

def seq_t
  @seq_t
end

#seq_vocab_size ⇒ Object

Returns the value of attribute seq_vocab_size.



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# File 'lib/toy/llm/engine/llama_seq_engine.rb', line 32

def seq_vocab_size
  @seq_vocab_size
end

#seq_weight_dtype ⇒ Object

Returns the value of attribute seq_weight_dtype.



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# File 'lib/toy/llm/engine/llama_seq_engine.rb', line 32

def seq_weight_dtype
  @seq_weight_dtype
end

#sess ⇒ Object

Returns the value of attribute sess.



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# File 'lib/toy/llm/engine/llama_seq_engine.rb', line 32

def sess
  @sess
end

#t_seq_attn_mask ⇒ Object

Returns the value of attribute t_seq_attn_mask.



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# File 'lib/toy/llm/engine/llama_seq_engine.rb', line 32

def t_seq_attn_mask
  @t_seq_attn_mask
end

#t_seq_logits ⇒ Object

Returns the value of attribute t_seq_logits.



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# File 'lib/toy/llm/engine/llama_seq_engine.rb', line 32

def t_seq_logits
  @t_seq_logits
end

#t_seq_positions ⇒ Object

Returns the value of attribute t_seq_positions.



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# File 'lib/toy/llm/engine/llama_seq_engine.rb', line 32

def t_seq_positions
  @t_seq_positions
end

#t_seq_rope_freq_factors ⇒ Object

Returns the value of attribute t_seq_rope_freq_factors.



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# File 'lib/toy/llm/engine/llama_seq_engine.rb', line 32

def t_seq_rope_freq_factors
  @t_seq_rope_freq_factors
end

#t_seq_token_ids ⇒ Object

Returns the value of attribute t_seq_token_ids.



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# File 'lib/toy/llm/engine/llama_seq_engine.rb', line 32

def t_seq_token_ids
  @t_seq_token_ids
end

#t_seq_x_embed ⇒ Object

Returns the value of attribute t_seq_x_embed.



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# File 'lib/toy/llm/engine/llama_seq_engine.rb', line 32

def t_seq_x_embed
  @t_seq_x_embed
end

#t_seq_x_final ⇒ Object

Returns the value of attribute t_seq_x_final.



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# File 'lib/toy/llm/engine/llama_seq_engine.rb', line 32

def t_seq_x_final
  @t_seq_x_final
end

Instance Method Details

#apply_seq_cfg!(cfg) ⇒ Object

P2.6 — shared config-prologue helper. Writes the @seq_* shape/RoPE ivars that every realize_for_* path needs before allocating tensors. Pure ivar writes reading only cfg.*; no FFI, no graph state. Each realize path keeps its own ‘@seq_t = t_seq` (and any path-local extras) at the call site and then calls this. Byte-identical to the block that previously lived inline in all four realize_for_* methods.



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# File 'lib/toy/llm/engine/llama_seq_engine.rb', line 207

def apply_seq_cfg!(cfg)
  @seq_d_model    = cfg.d_model
  @seq_d_ff       = cfg.d_ff
  @seq_n_heads    = cfg.n_heads
  @seq_n_kv       = cfg.n_kv
  @seq_d_head     = cfg.head_dim
  @seq_group_size = cfg.n_heads / cfg.n_kv
  @seq_n_layers   = cfg.n_layers
  @seq_vocab_size = cfg.vocab
  @seq_rope_base    = cfg.rope_base
  @seq_rope_scaling = cfg.rope_scaling
  @seq_rope_cfg     = Toy::LLM::Primitives::RoPE::Cfg.new(
                        @seq_d_head, @seq_rope_base,
                        @seq_rope_scaling.freq_scale,
                        @seq_rope_scaling.ext_factor,
                        @seq_rope_scaling.attn_factor,
                        @seq_rope_scaling.beta_fast,
                        @seq_rope_scaling.beta_slow)
  @seq_rms_eps    = cfg.rms_eps
end

#build_and_realize! ⇒ Object

P2.6 — the identical tail-of-tail shared by all four realize_for_* paths: build the forward graph in the current ctx, realize it, and flip @seq_realized. Stays a CACHE method (build_forward_in_current_ctx is the cache->arch wrapper; tnn_realize is session-scoped). Gate-covered by smoke_projection_lens via realize_for_random_init.



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# File 'lib/toy/llm/engine/llama_seq_engine.rb', line 1032

def build_and_realize!
  build_forward_in_current_ctx
  TinyNN.tnn_realize(@sess, @t_seq_logits)
  @seq_realized = true
end

#build_forward_in_current_ctx ⇒ Object

Build the forward graph in the CURRENT compute context. Used both from realize_for_mmap (first realize) and after tnn_reset_for_rebuild (e.g. when switching from inference to training, which needs the forward + loss + backward + opt_step all in one rebuilt ctx). Stores the per-graph tensor handles back on ‘self`. P2.5 — thin wrapper around Toy::LLM::Archs::LlamaArch#build_forward. Allocates the per-graph INPUT handles (token_ids, positions) — which stay CACHE-owned graph I/O, read by forward() and the uploaders —then hands the realize-set rope_cfg / donor_d_in onto the arch and calls the lifted orchestration. The three per-graph OUTPUT handles come back in a LlamaArchForwardOut and are spread onto the cache’s own ivars so every downstream reader (@t_seq_logits accessor, build_training_step CE-loss consumer, examples/06 fcache.t_seq_logits) is untouched.



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# File 'lib/toy/llm/engine/llama_seq_engine.rb', line 1052

def build_forward_in_current_ctx
  # GH#7 — at B=1, @seq_t * @seq_b == @seq_t (legacy behaviour).
  # At B>1, the layout is flat [T*B]: per-batch positions cycle
  # 0..T-1 (the caller-built positions array is responsible for
  # that ordering); RoPE applies per-batch positional encoding
  # because rope_ext reads positions[k] for each ne[2] slot.
  tb = @seq_t * @seq_b
  @t_seq_token_ids = TinyNN.tnn_input_1d_i32(@sess, tb)
  @t_seq_positions = TinyNN.tnn_input_1d_i32_ctx(@sess, tb)

  # The arch reads seq_rope_cfg / seq_donor_d_in off itself; the cache
  # rebuilds rope_cfg and sets donor_d_in in each realize prologue, so
  # mirror the realize-set values onto the arch right before the call.
  @seq_arch.seq_rope_cfg   = @seq_rope_cfg
  @seq_arch.seq_donor_d_in = @seq_donor_d_in

  out = @seq_arch.build_forward(
    @sess, @t_seq_token_ids, @t_seq_positions, @t_seq_rope_freq_factors,
    @t_seq_attn_mask, @seq_rms_eps, @seq_d_head, @seq_n_kv, @seq_n_heads,
    @seq_group_size, @seq_has_qkv_bias, @seq_weight_dtype,
    @seq_lora_q_enabled, @seq_t, @seq_b, @seq_n_layers,
    @seq_has_untied_output)

  @t_seq_x_embed = out.t_seq_x_embed
  @t_seq_x_final = out.t_seq_x_final
  @t_seq_logits  = out.t_seq_logits
end

#build_training_step ⇒ Object

M3 step 3 — rebuild the session graph as forward + CE loss + backward + AdamW opt_step over every LoRA pair. After this, callers upload token IDs + positions + labels (one-hot vocab×T) + hp vector and call tnn_compute_backward to get one training step over the whole T-position sequence.

Returns the (loss_tensor, labels_tensor, hp_tensor) triple.



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# File 'lib/toy/llm/engine/llama_seq_engine.rb', line 1087

def build_training_step
  if !@seq_full_finetune_enabled && (!@seq_lora_q_enabled || !@seq_lora_q_adamw_enabled)
    puts "build_training_step: requires enable_lora_q! AND enable_lora_q_adamw!  (or enable_full_finetune!)"
    return nil
  end
  TinyNN.tnn_reset_for_rebuild(@sess)
  build_forward_in_current_ctx

  # Label tensor: same shape as logits, ggml ne=[vocab, T*B]. Our
  # wrapper takes (rows, cols) and emits ggml(cols, rows), so pass
  # (T*B, vocab) here to get ne=[vocab, T*B]. One-hot per ne1-column
  # (i.e. per (batch, position) slot). At B=1, identical to legacy.
  t_labels = TinyNN.tnn_input_2d_f32(@sess, @seq_t * @seq_b, @seq_vocab_size)
  # Hyper-params vector for AdamW: alpha, beta1, beta2, eps, wd, beta1h, beta2h.
  t_hp = TinyNN.tnn_input_1d_f32(@sess, 7)

  # CE loss over all T columns. ggml_cross_entropy_loss returns the
  # mean over columns — masking is a follow-up (would zero specific
  # columns in labels before this op).
  t_loss = TinyNN.tnn_cross_entropy_loss(@sess, @t_seq_logits, t_labels)
  TinyNN.tnn_set_output(t_loss)
  TinyNN.tnn_set_loss(t_loss)

  TinyNN.tnn_build_forward_only(@sess, t_loss)
  TinyNN.tnn_build_backward(@sess)

  if @seq_full_finetune_enabled
    # F3 — emit opt_step_adamw for every recorded (weight, m, v)
    # triple. The arrays are populated in realize_for_full_finetune.
    li = 0
    while li < @seq_n_layers
      blk = self.seq_blocks_ffi[li]
      wi = 0
      while wi < blk.ft_weights.length
        tw = blk.ft_weights[wi]
        tg = TinyNN.tnn_tensor_grad(@sess, tw)
        to = TinyNN.tnn_opt_step_adamw(@sess, tw, tg,
                                        blk.ft_m[wi], blk.ft_v[wi], t_hp)
        TinyNN.tnn_extend_backward_graph(@sess, to)
        wi = wi + 1
      end
      li = li + 1
    end
    # Globals (token_embed, final-norm, optional untied output).
    gi = 0
    while gi < @ft_globals_weights.length
      tw = @ft_globals_weights[gi]
      tg = TinyNN.tnn_tensor_grad(@sess, tw)
      to = TinyNN.tnn_opt_step_adamw(@sess, tw, tg,
                                      @ft_globals_m[gi], @ft_globals_v[gi], t_hp)
      TinyNN.tnn_extend_backward_graph(@sess, to)
      gi = gi + 1
    end
  else
    # LoRA-only training (M3 step 3). One opt_step_adamw per LoRA-A
    # and per LoRA-B tensor; thread each through extend_backward_graph
    # so sched sees the writes.
    li = 0
    while li < @seq_n_layers
      blk = self.seq_blocks_ffi[li]
      hq = 0
      while hq < @seq_n_heads
        t_a       = blk.t_seq_w_lora_a_q[hq]
        t_b       = blk.t_seq_w_lora_b_q[hq]
        t_grad_a  = TinyNN.tnn_tensor_grad(@sess, t_a)
        t_grad_b  = TinyNN.tnn_tensor_grad(@sess, t_b)
        t_opt_a   = TinyNN.tnn_opt_step_adamw(@sess, t_a, t_grad_a,
                                                blk.t_seq_w_lora_a_q_m[hq],
                                                blk.t_seq_w_lora_a_q_v[hq], t_hp)
        t_opt_b   = TinyNN.tnn_opt_step_adamw(@sess, t_b, t_grad_b,
                                                blk.t_seq_w_lora_b_q_m[hq],
                                                blk.t_seq_w_lora_b_q_v[hq], t_hp)
        TinyNN.tnn_extend_backward_graph(@sess, t_opt_a)
        TinyNN.tnn_extend_backward_graph(@sess, t_opt_b)
        hq = hq + 1
      end
      li = li + 1
    end
  end

  # Pin every node in graph_b before sched-alloc — workaround for the
  # ggml-cpu sched-aliasing bug on long backward chains (documented in
  # project_cpu_cuda_lora_train_divergence_2026_05_21). Memory cost
  # grows roughly with node count; fine for SmolLM2-135M at T<=64.
  TinyNN.tnn_pin_all_graph_b_nodes(@sess)
  TinyNN.tnn_realize_backward(@sess)
  [t_loss, t_labels, t_hp]
end

#enable_full_finetune! ⇒ Object

F3 — turn on full fine-tune. Every per-block weight tensor will be allocated as writable F32 in ctx_w (instead of mmap’d from the GGUF), paired with persistent Adam m/v, and marked trainable. Mutually exclusive with enable_lora_q!. Call BEFORE realize_for_full_finetune.



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# File 'lib/toy/llm/engine/llama_seq_engine.rb', line 181

def enable_full_finetune!
  @seq_full_finetune_enabled = true
end

#enable_full_finetune_embeddings! ⇒ Object

F3 — additionally train the embedding / final-norm gamma / untied output. Opt-in: the embed tensor on Qwen-class vocab is large and makes the memory budget noticeably tighter, but the math itself works correctly post vendor-patches/0006 (chunked get_rows_back).



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# File 'lib/toy/llm/engine/llama_seq_engine.rb', line 172

def enable_full_finetune_embeddings!
  @ft_train_embeddings_enabled = true
end

#enable_lora_q!(r) ⇒ Object

M3 step 3 — turn on LoRA on the Q projection. Adapter A is (r, d_model), B is (d_head, r). Standard init: A small Gaussian, B zero → adapter is a no-op at step 0. Call BEFORE realize_for_mmap. Mirrors SmolLM2KVFFICache#enable_lora_q!.



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# File 'lib/toy/llm/engine/llama_seq_engine.rb', line 189

def enable_lora_q!(r)
  @seq_lora_q_enabled = true
  @seq_lora_q_rank    = r
end

#enable_lora_q_adamw! ⇒ Object

M3 step 3 — allocate persistent AdamW moments next to each LoRA pair (parallel to F1.2 step 6b on SmolLM2KVFFICache). Required to keep optimizer state alive across reset_for_rebuild / multi-step training.



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# File 'lib/toy/llm/engine/llama_seq_engine.rb', line 197

def enable_lora_q_adamw!
  @seq_lora_q_adamw_enabled = true
end

#finalize_weights_and_upload_constants! ⇒ Object

P2.6 — finalize the backend weight buffers and upload the per-model constants that depend on the buffers existing. This is the identical head-of-tail shared by all four realize_for_* paths:

1. allocate the B>1 block-causal mask in ctx_w (NULL at B=1),
2. tnn_finalize_weights,
3. upload the llama3 RoPE freq_factors (no-op unless :llama3),
4. upload the B>1 block-causal mask values.

Stays a CACHE method: the finalize FFI sequencing is session-scoped. Gate-covered end-to-end by smoke_projection_lens (B=1, non-llama3): the two inner branches are dead under the gate but relocate verbatim.



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# File 'lib/toy/llm/engine/llama_seq_engine.rb', line 1001

def finalize_weights_and_upload_constants!
  # GH#7 — block-causal attention mask for B>1. At B=1 the mask stays
  # NULL and build_seq_qhead uses diag_mask_inf + softmax. Allocated
  # in ctx_w as f32 persistent so it survives reset_for_rebuild.
  if @seq_b > 1
    tb_alloc = @seq_t * @seq_b
    @t_seq_attn_mask = TinyNN.tnn_input_2d_f32_persistent(@sess, tb_alloc, tb_alloc)
  end

  TinyNN.tnn_finalize_weights(@sess)

  # Upload llama3-style RoPE freq_factors once the backend buffer
  # exists. Per-model constant; never re-uploaded.
  if @seq_rope_scaling.kind == :llama3
    ff = Toy::RopeScaling.compute_llama3_freq_factors(
      @seq_d_head, @seq_rope_base,
      @seq_rope_scaling.orig_max_pos, @seq_rope_scaling.factor,
      @seq_rope_scaling.low_freq_factor, @seq_rope_scaling.high_freq_factor)
    TinyNN.tnn_upload_from_float_array(@sess, @t_seq_rope_freq_factors, ff, ff.length)
  end

  if @seq_b > 1
    upload_block_causal_mask!
  end
end

#forward(ids, positions) ⇒ Object

Run one forward pass. ‘ids` and `positions` are length-T Int arrays. Returns the t_seq_logits handle; caller downloads via download_row_major against (vocab, T) shape.



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# File 'lib/toy/llm/engine/llama_seq_engine.rb', line 1191

def forward(ids, positions)
  TinyNN.upload_int_array(@sess, @t_seq_token_ids, ids)
  TinyNN.upload_int_array(@sess, @t_seq_positions, positions)
  TinyNN.tnn_compute(@sess)
  @t_seq_logits
end

#ft_add_1d(blk, weight) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/toy/llm/engine/llama_seq_engine.rb', line 814

def ft_add_1d(blk, weight)
  n = TinyNN.tnn_tensor_nelements(weight)
  blk.ft_weights.push(weight)
  blk.ft_m.push(TinyNN.tnn_input_1d_f32_persistent(@sess, n))
  blk.ft_v.push(TinyNN.tnn_input_1d_f32_persistent(@sess, n))
end

#ft_add_2d(blk, weight, rows, cols) ⇒ Object

Append (weight, m, v) to the block’s parallel arrays. Allocates Adam m and v of the same shape as ‘weight` as a side effect.



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# File 'lib/toy/llm/engine/llama_seq_engine.rb', line 808

def ft_add_2d(blk, weight, rows, cols)
  blk.ft_weights.push(weight)
  blk.ft_m.push(TinyNN.tnn_input_2d_f32_persistent(@sess, rows, cols))
  blk.ft_v.push(TinyNN.tnn_input_2d_f32_persistent(@sess, rows, cols))
end

#ft_add_global_1d(weight) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/toy/llm/engine/llama_seq_engine.rb', line 875

def ft_add_global_1d(weight)
  n = TinyNN.tnn_tensor_nelements(weight)
  @ft_globals_weights.push(weight)
  @ft_globals_m.push(TinyNN.tnn_input_1d_f32_persistent(@sess, n))
  @ft_globals_v.push(TinyNN.tnn_input_1d_f32_persistent(@sess, n))
end

#ft_add_global_2d(weight, rows, cols) ⇒ Object

Same shape as ft_add_2d / ft_add_1d but writes to the cache-level globals arrays (token_embed, final-norm, untied output).



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# File 'lib/toy/llm/engine/llama_seq_engine.rb', line 869

def ft_add_global_2d(weight, rows, cols)
  @ft_globals_weights.push(weight)
  @ft_globals_m.push(TinyNN.tnn_input_2d_f32_persistent(@sess, rows, cols))
  @ft_globals_v.push(TinyNN.tnn_input_2d_f32_persistent(@sess, rows, cols))
end

#ft_load_from_gguf(gguf, qkv_bias) ⇒ Object

Pull bytes from the GGUF into each writable weight. Uses the existing C-side dequantize-and-copy primitives so a Q8 source transparently becomes F32 in the target tensor.



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# File 'lib/toy/llm/engine/llama_seq_engine.rb', line 907

def ft_load_from_gguf(gguf, qkv_bias)
  li = 0
  while li < @seq_n_layers
    blk = self.seq_blocks_ffi[li]
    prefix = "blk." + li.to_s

    rn1_idx = TinyNN.tnn_gguf_find_index(gguf, prefix + ".attn_norm.weight")
    rn2_idx = TinyNN.tnn_gguf_find_index(gguf, prefix + ".ffn_norm.weight")
    TinyNN.tnn_gguf_copy_1d_to_persistent(gguf, rn1_idx, @sess, blk.t_seq_rn1_gamma)
    TinyNN.tnn_gguf_copy_1d_to_persistent(gguf, rn2_idx, @sess, blk.t_seq_rn2_gamma)

    q_idx = TinyNN.tnn_gguf_find_index(gguf, prefix + ".attn_q.weight")
    hq = 0
    while hq < @seq_n_heads
      TinyNN.tnn_gguf_copy_head_slice_to_persistent_native(gguf, q_idx, @sess,
        blk.t_seq_w_q[hq], hq, @seq_n_heads, @seq_d_model, @seq_d_head)
      hq = hq + 1
    end

    k_idx = TinyNN.tnn_gguf_find_index(gguf, prefix + ".attn_k.weight")
    v_idx = TinyNN.tnn_gguf_find_index(gguf, prefix + ".attn_v.weight")
    hkv = 0
    while hkv < @seq_n_kv
      TinyNN.tnn_gguf_copy_head_slice_to_persistent_native(gguf, k_idx, @sess,
        blk.t_seq_w_k[hkv], hkv, @seq_n_kv, @seq_d_model, @seq_d_head)
      TinyNN.tnn_gguf_copy_head_slice_to_persistent_native(gguf, v_idx, @sess,
        blk.t_seq_w_v[hkv], hkv, @seq_n_kv, @seq_d_model, @seq_d_head)
      hkv = hkv + 1
    end

    if qkv_bias
      # qbias / kbias / vbias are 1-D head-sliced. We don't have a
      # dedicated head-slice loader for them; fall through and use
      # tnn_gguf_copy_head_bias_slice_to_persistent.
      qb_idx = TinyNN.tnn_gguf_find_index(gguf, prefix + ".attn_q.bias")
      kb_idx = TinyNN.tnn_gguf_find_index(gguf, prefix + ".attn_k.bias")
      vb_idx = TinyNN.tnn_gguf_find_index(gguf, prefix + ".attn_v.bias")
      hbq = 0
      while hbq < @seq_n_heads
        TinyNN.tnn_gguf_copy_head_bias_slice_to_persistent(gguf, qb_idx, @sess,
          blk.t_seq_b_q[hbq], hbq, @seq_d_head)
        hbq = hbq + 1
      end
      hbkv = 0
      while hbkv < @seq_n_kv
        TinyNN.tnn_gguf_copy_head_bias_slice_to_persistent(gguf, kb_idx, @sess,
          blk.t_seq_b_k[hbkv], hbkv, @seq_d_head)
        TinyNN.tnn_gguf_copy_head_bias_slice_to_persistent(gguf, vb_idx, @sess,
          blk.t_seq_b_v[hbkv], hbkv, @seq_d_head)
        hbkv = hbkv + 1
      end
    end

    o_idx    = TinyNN.tnn_gguf_find_index(gguf, prefix + ".attn_output.weight")
    gate_idx = TinyNN.tnn_gguf_find_index(gguf, prefix + ".ffn_gate.weight")
    up_idx   = TinyNN.tnn_gguf_find_index(gguf, prefix + ".ffn_up.weight")
    down_idx = TinyNN.tnn_gguf_find_index(gguf, prefix + ".ffn_down.weight")
    TinyNN.tnn_gguf_copy_to_persistent(gguf, o_idx,    @sess, blk.t_seq_w_o)
    TinyNN.tnn_gguf_copy_to_persistent(gguf, gate_idx, @sess, blk.t_seq_w_gate)
    TinyNN.tnn_gguf_copy_to_persistent(gguf, up_idx,   @sess, blk.t_seq_w_up)
    TinyNN.tnn_gguf_copy_to_persistent(gguf, down_idx, @sess, blk.t_seq_w_down)

    li = li + 1
  end
end

#ft_load_globals(gguf, untied) ⇒ Object

Load token_embed + final-norm + (untied) output from the GGUF into their now-allocated backend buffers.



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# File 'lib/toy/llm/engine/llama_seq_engine.rb', line 884

def ft_load_globals(gguf, untied)
  eidx = TinyNN.tnn_gguf_find_index(gguf, "token_embd.weight")
  TinyNN.tnn_gguf_copy_to_persistent(gguf, eidx, @sess, self.t_seq_token_embed)
  fnidx = TinyNN.tnn_gguf_find_index(gguf, "output_norm.weight")
  TinyNN.tnn_gguf_copy_1d_to_persistent(gguf, fnidx, @sess, self.t_seq_final_norm_gamma)
  if untied
    oidx = TinyNN.tnn_gguf_find_index(gguf, "output.weight")
    TinyNN.tnn_gguf_copy_to_persistent(gguf, oidx, @sess, self.t_seq_output)
  end
end

#ft_name_last(blk, name) ⇒ Object

Name the most-recently-pushed (weight, m, v) triple in a block. Used right after ft_add_2d / ft_add_1d so drift/grad event consumers see llama.cpp-convention names like “blk.0.attn_norm.weight” instead of ggml’s auto-generated “node_N”. toy#semantic-tensor-names.



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# File 'lib/toy/llm/engine/llama_seq_engine.rb', line 825

def ft_name_last(blk, name)
  last = blk.ft_weights.length - 1
  TinyNN.tnn_tensor_set_name(blk.ft_weights[last], name)
  TinyNN.tnn_tensor_set_name(blk.ft_m[last],       name + ".m")
  TinyNN.tnn_tensor_set_name(blk.ft_v[last],       name + ".v")
end

#ft_name_last_global(name) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/toy/llm/engine/llama_seq_engine.rb', line 832

def ft_name_last_global(name)
  last = @ft_globals_weights.length - 1
  TinyNN.tnn_tensor_set_name(@ft_globals_weights[last], name)
  TinyNN.tnn_tensor_set_name(@ft_globals_m[last],       name + ".m")
  TinyNN.tnn_tensor_set_name(@ft_globals_v[last],       name + ".v")
end

#ft_zero_init_adam(qkv_bias) ⇒ Object

Zero-init the Adam moments. m and v both start at 0 per the AdamW step-0 contract. Uses the backend-side memset primitive (tnn_zero_tensor) so a 1 GB Adam state doesn’t materialize a Mat-of-zeros in Ruby first.



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# File 'lib/toy/llm/engine/llama_seq_engine.rb', line 977

def ft_zero_init_adam(qkv_bias)
  li = 0
  while li < @seq_n_layers
    blk = self.seq_blocks_ffi[li]
    i = 0
    while i < blk.ft_weights.length
      TinyNN.tnn_zero_tensor(@sess, blk.ft_m[i])
      TinyNN.tnn_zero_tensor(@sess, blk.ft_v[i])
      i = i + 1
    end
    li = li + 1
  end
end

#ft_zero_init_adam_globals ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/toy/llm/engine/llama_seq_engine.rb', line 895

def ft_zero_init_adam_globals
  gi = 0
  while gi < @ft_globals_weights.length
    TinyNN.tnn_zero_tensor(@sess, @ft_globals_m[gi])
    TinyNN.tnn_zero_tensor(@sess, @ft_globals_v[gi])
    gi = gi + 1
  end
end

#head_nbytes(ggml_type, d_head, d_model) ⇒ Object

GGUF type → bytes-per-row stride for per-head slicing. Mirrors the SmolLM2KVFFICache helper of the same name. F32=0, Q8_0=8.



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# File 'lib/toy/llm/engine/llama_seq_engine.rb', line 1178

def head_nbytes(ggml_type, d_head, d_model)
  if ggml_type == 0
    d_head * d_model * 4
  elsif ggml_type == 8
    d_head * (d_model / 32) * 34
  else
    0
  end
end

#lora_name_q!(t_a, t_b, head_prefix) ⇒ Object

P2.7 — LoRA-Q tensor naming callbacks for the extracted block-side mmap loader (TransformerBlock#load_from_gguf_mmap!). The :str tnn_tensor_set_name FFI calls MUST stay on the cache realize RUNTIME path — never migrate into block class-load scope (step_bind / :str landmine #16). The block assembles the runtime name string and hands it here, exactly as it hands ft_name_last its assembled name. Verbatim lift of the former realize_for_mmap loop lines 567-570 / 597-604.



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# File 'lib/toy/llm/engine/llama_seq_engine.rb', line 855

def lora_name_q!(t_a, t_b, head_prefix)
  TinyNN.tnn_tensor_set_name(t_a, head_prefix + ".lora_a.weight")
  TinyNN.tnn_tensor_set_name(t_b, head_prefix + ".lora_b.weight")
end

#lora_name_q_adam!(t_a_m, t_a_v, t_b_m, t_b_v, head_prefix) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/toy/llm/engine/llama_seq_engine.rb', line 860

def lora_name_q_adam!(t_a_m, t_a_v, t_b_m, t_b_v, head_prefix)
  TinyNN.tnn_tensor_set_name(t_a_m, head_prefix + ".lora_a.m")
  TinyNN.tnn_tensor_set_name(t_a_v, head_prefix + ".lora_a.v")
  TinyNN.tnn_tensor_set_name(t_b_m, head_prefix + ".lora_b.m")
  TinyNN.tnn_tensor_set_name(t_b_v, head_prefix + ".lora_b.v")
end

#name_global!(t, name) ⇒ Object

Name a single FROZEN global (e.g. the projection-lens donor embed, which is NOT pushed to @ft_globals so ft_name_last_global cannot reach it). Kept on the engine so this tnn_tensor_set_name(:str) FFI stays on the cache realize runtime path — same discipline as ft_name_last / lora_name_q!. Back-called by LlamaArch#alloc_globals_trainable_f32!.



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# File 'lib/toy/llm/engine/llama_seq_engine.rb', line 844

def name_global!(t, name)
  TinyNN.tnn_tensor_set_name(t, name)
end

#realize_for_full_finetune(gguf_handle, cfg, t_seq, untied, qkv_bias) ⇒ Object

F3 — full fine-tune realize path. Parallel to realize_for_mmap but every per-block weight is allocated writable F32 in ctx_w (no mmap), set_param-marked, paired with Adam m/v, and loaded from the GGUF post-finalize via the dequantize-friendly tnn_gguf_copy_* primitives. The embedding tensor + final_norm gamma stay mmap’d (read-only) — the MVP doesn’t train them.



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# File 'lib/toy/llm/engine/llama_seq_engine.rb', line 467

def realize_for_full_finetune(gguf_handle, cfg, t_seq, untied, qkv_bias)
  @seq_t          = t_seq
  apply_seq_cfg!(cfg)

  @seq_gguf_handle_keepalive = gguf_handle
  @sess                  = TinyNN.tnn_session_new(0)

  # llama3 / LongRoPE: allocate the freq_factors tensor in ctx_w
  # before finalize_weights. Values uploaded post-finalize.
  if @seq_rope_scaling.kind == :llama3
    @t_seq_rope_freq_factors = TinyNN.tnn_rope_freq_factors_alloc(@sess, cfg.head_dim)
  else
    @t_seq_rope_freq_factors = TinyNN.tnn_null_ptr
  end
  @seq_has_untied_output = untied
  @seq_has_qkv_bias      = qkv_bias

  # Token embed + final-norm gamma + (untied) output: trainable
  # only when opt-in (ft_train_embeddings_enabled). Otherwise
  # they stay mmap'd / read-only (still need a mmap attach for
  # this branch).
  if @ft_train_embeddings_enabled
    self.t_seq_token_embed = TinyNN.tnn_input_2d_f32_persistent(@sess,
                           @seq_vocab_size, @seq_d_model)
    ft_add_global_2d(self.t_seq_token_embed, @seq_vocab_size, @seq_d_model)
    ft_name_last_global("token_embd.weight")

    self.t_seq_final_norm_gamma = TinyNN.tnn_input_1d_f32_persistent(@sess, @seq_d_model)
    ft_add_global_1d(self.t_seq_final_norm_gamma)
    ft_name_last_global("output_norm.weight")

    if untied
      self.t_seq_output = TinyNN.tnn_input_2d_f32_persistent(@sess,
                        @seq_vocab_size, @seq_d_model)
      ft_add_global_2d(self.t_seq_output, @seq_vocab_size, @seq_d_model)
      ft_name_last_global("output.weight")
    end
  else
    map_base = TinyNN.tnn_gguf_mmap_base(gguf_handle)
    map_size = TinyNN.tnn_gguf_mmap_size(gguf_handle)
    TinyNN.tnn_session_attach_weight_mmap(@sess, map_base, map_size)

    eidx = TinyNN.tnn_gguf_find_index(gguf_handle, "token_embd.weight")
    eoff = TinyNN.tnn_gguf_tensor_file_offset(gguf_handle, eidx)
    etyp = TinyNN.tnn_gguf_tensor_type(gguf_handle, eidx)
    self.t_seq_token_embed = TinyNN.tnn_input_2d_persistent_mmap(@sess,
                           @seq_vocab_size, @seq_d_model, etyp, eoff)

    fnidx = TinyNN.tnn_gguf_find_index(gguf_handle, "output_norm.weight")
    fnoff = TinyNN.tnn_gguf_tensor_file_offset(gguf_handle, fnidx)
    self.t_seq_final_norm_gamma = TinyNN.tnn_input_1d_persistent_mmap(@sess,
                                @seq_d_model, 0, fnoff)

    if untied
      oidx = TinyNN.tnn_gguf_find_index(gguf_handle, "output.weight")
      ooff = TinyNN.tnn_gguf_tensor_file_offset(gguf_handle, oidx)
      otyp = TinyNN.tnn_gguf_tensor_type(gguf_handle, oidx)
      self.t_seq_output = TinyNN.tnn_input_2d_persistent_mmap(@sess,
                        @seq_vocab_size, @seq_d_model, otyp, ooff)
    end
  end

  # P2.6 Step 2 — seeding loop moved onto the arch (LlamaArch#seed_blocks!).
  @seq_arch.seed_blocks!(@seq_n_layers)

  # P2-finish — per-block FT alloc lifted onto the block (verbatim:
  # TransformerBlock#alloc_full_finetune_f32_weights!), mirroring how
  # realize_for_random_init drives alloc_trainable_f32_weights!. The block
  # owns its self.t_seq_* handles + the per-block set_param loop; the cache
  # passes @sess + dims + qkv_bias and the ft_add_*/ft_name_last recorders
  # are back-called. Gated byte-exact by prep/full_finetune_gate.rb.
  li = 0
  while li < @seq_n_layers
    blk = self.seq_blocks_ffi[li]
    prefix = "blk." + li.to_s + "."
    blk.alloc_full_finetune_f32_weights!(@sess, self, prefix,
                                         @seq_d_model, @seq_d_ff, @seq_d_head,
                                         @seq_n_heads, @seq_n_kv, qkv_bias)
    li = li + 1
  end

  # Globals are trainable too only when embeddings are opt-in.
  if @ft_train_embeddings_enabled
    gi = 0
    while gi < @ft_globals_weights.length
      TinyNN.tnn_set_param(@ft_globals_weights[gi])
      gi = gi + 1
    end
  end

  finalize_weights_and_upload_constants!

  # Post-finalize: load every writable weight from the GGUF.
  if @ft_train_embeddings_enabled
    ft_load_globals(gguf_handle, untied)
  end
  ft_load_from_gguf(gguf_handle, qkv_bias)
  ft_zero_init_adam(qkv_bias)
  if @ft_train_embeddings_enabled
    ft_zero_init_adam_globals
  end

  build_and_realize!
end

#realize_for_mmap(gguf_handle, cfg, t_seq, untied, qkv_bias) ⇒ Object

Allocate persistent weights mmap’d from ‘gguf_handle` (caller is responsible for keeping the handle alive — we keepalive it via @seq_gguf_handle_keepalive), compute inputs, and the full forward graph for T = `t_seq` positions. Fixed T; rebuild for a different T.

Weight layout matches SmolLM2KVFFICache#realize_for_mmap exactly (same byte offsets + per-head split), so a sharded GGUF can be loaded by either class.



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# File 'lib/toy/llm/engine/llama_seq_engine.rb', line 366

def realize_for_mmap(gguf_handle, cfg, t_seq, untied, qkv_bias)
  @seq_t          = t_seq
  apply_seq_cfg!(cfg)

  @seq_gguf_handle_keepalive = gguf_handle
  @sess                  = TinyNN.tnn_session_new(0)

  # llama3 / LongRoPE: allocate the freq_factors tensor in ctx_w
  # before finalize_weights. Values uploaded post-finalize.
  if @seq_rope_scaling.kind == :llama3
    @t_seq_rope_freq_factors = TinyNN.tnn_rope_freq_factors_alloc(@sess, cfg.head_dim)
  else
    @t_seq_rope_freq_factors = TinyNN.tnn_null_ptr
  end
  @seq_has_untied_output = untied
  @seq_has_qkv_bias      = qkv_bias

  map_base = TinyNN.tnn_gguf_mmap_base(gguf_handle)
  map_size = TinyNN.tnn_gguf_mmap_size(gguf_handle)
  TinyNN.tnn_session_attach_weight_mmap(@sess, map_base, map_size)

  # Embeddings + final norm + optional untied LM head.
  # P2.6 pass-2 Step 1 — the three arch-owned global mmap allocs moved
  # onto LlamaArch#load_globals_from_gguf_mmap! (verbatim; called ONLY
  # from here). Mirrors the seed_blocks! / alloc_trainable_f32_weights!
  # extraction precedents.
  @seq_arch.load_globals_from_gguf_mmap!(@sess, gguf_handle,
                                         @seq_vocab_size, @seq_d_model, untied)

  # P2.6 Step 2 — seeding loop moved onto the arch (LlamaArch#seed_blocks!).
  @seq_arch.seed_blocks!(@seq_n_layers)

  # P2.7 — the per-block alloc-from-mmap-offsets loop body moved onto
  # TransformerBlock#load_from_gguf_mmap! (verbatim; called ONLY from
  # here). Mirrors the alloc_trainable_f32_weights! / seed_blocks! /
  # load_globals_from_gguf_mmap! extraction precedents. head_nbytes and
  # the LoRA :str tnn_tensor_set_name naming stay on THIS cache and are
  # back-called through the passed `self` ref (lora_name_q! /
  # lora_name_q_adam! issue the :str FFI at this runtime scope, never in
  # block class-load scope — landmine #16).
  li = 0
  while li < @seq_n_layers
    blk = self.seq_blocks_ffi[li]
    blk.load_from_gguf_mmap!(@sess, self, gguf_handle, li,
                             @seq_n_heads, @seq_n_kv, @seq_d_head, @seq_d_model,
                             @seq_d_ff, @seq_lora_q_enabled, @seq_lora_q_rank,
                             @seq_lora_q_adamw_enabled, qkv_bias)
    li = li + 1
  end

  # Mark LoRA tensors as trainable BEFORE finalize. set_param flips
  # the PARAM flag so build_backward walks them when emitting grad nodes.
  if @seq_lora_q_enabled
    li2 = 0
    while li2 < @seq_n_layers
      blk2 = self.seq_blocks_ffi[li2]
      hq_p = 0
      while hq_p < @seq_n_heads
        TinyNN.tnn_set_param(blk2.t_seq_w_lora_a_q[hq_p])
        TinyNN.tnn_set_param(blk2.t_seq_w_lora_b_q[hq_p])
        hq_p = hq_p + 1
      end
      li2 = li2 + 1
    end
  end

  finalize_weights_and_upload_constants!

  # Zero-init persistent AdamW moments. Same contract as F1.2 step 6b
  # on SmolLM2KVFFICache — m and v start at 0 per the AdamW update rule.
  if @seq_lora_q_adamw_enabled
    za = Mat.new(@seq_lora_q_rank, @seq_d_model)
    zb = Mat.new(@seq_d_head,      @seq_lora_q_rank)
    i = 0
    while i < @seq_lora_q_rank * @seq_d_model; za.flat[i] = 0.0; i = i + 1; end
    j = 0
    while j < @seq_d_head * @seq_lora_q_rank; zb.flat[j] = 0.0; j = j + 1; end
    li_z = 0
    while li_z < @seq_n_layers
      blk_z = self.seq_blocks_ffi[li_z]
      hqz = 0
      while hqz < @seq_n_heads
        TinyNN.upload_row_major(@sess, blk_z.t_seq_w_lora_a_q_m[hqz], za)
        TinyNN.upload_row_major(@sess, blk_z.t_seq_w_lora_a_q_v[hqz], za)
        TinyNN.upload_row_major(@sess, blk_z.t_seq_w_lora_b_q_m[hqz], zb)
        TinyNN.upload_row_major(@sess, blk_z.t_seq_w_lora_b_q_v[hqz], zb)
        hqz = hqz + 1
      end
      li_z = li_z + 1
    end
  end

  build_and_realize!
end

#realize_for_q8_copy(gguf_handle, cfg, t_seq, untied, qkv_bias) ⇒ Object

F4 alternative realize for CUDA + Q8 base. Allocates every weight tensor in the standard ggml ctx_w (NOT the BYO mmap region), then verbatim-copies the GGUF bytes in. Buys correctness on CUDA at the cost of holding the weights twice transiently (mmap + ctx_w during load; ctx_w only after). Required because the BYO-pointer cuda buffer’s quantized padding zeroing (cudaMemset past tensor data) would otherwise crash on Q8 tensors with ‘ne0 % 512 != 0`.

Use this realize when (a) the GGUF is Q8 AND (b) the backend is CUDA. CPU + Q8 stays on realize_for_mmap (no padding issue).



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# File 'lib/toy/llm/engine/llama_seq_engine.rb', line 238

def realize_for_q8_copy(gguf_handle, cfg, t_seq, untied, qkv_bias)
  @seq_t          = t_seq
  apply_seq_cfg!(cfg)

  @seq_gguf_handle_keepalive = gguf_handle
  @sess                  = TinyNN.tnn_session_new(0)

  # llama3 / LongRoPE: allocate the freq_factors tensor in ctx_w
  # before finalize_weights. Values uploaded post-finalize.
  if @seq_rope_scaling.kind == :llama3
    @t_seq_rope_freq_factors = TinyNN.tnn_rope_freq_factors_alloc(@sess, cfg.head_dim)
  else
    @t_seq_rope_freq_factors = TinyNN.tnn_null_ptr
  end
  @seq_has_untied_output = untied
  @seq_has_qkv_bias      = qkv_bias

  # Read source tensor types so we can allocate ctx_w tensors of the
  # MATCHING type (verbatim copy requires source/target types match).
  eidx = TinyNN.tnn_gguf_find_index(gguf_handle, "token_embd.weight")
  etyp = TinyNN.tnn_gguf_tensor_type(gguf_handle, eidx)
  self.t_seq_token_embed = TinyNN.tnn_input_2d_persistent_typed(@sess,
                         @seq_vocab_size, @seq_d_model, etyp)
  self.t_seq_final_norm_gamma = TinyNN.tnn_input_1d_f32_persistent(@sess, @seq_d_model)
  if untied
    oidx = TinyNN.tnn_gguf_find_index(gguf_handle, "output.weight")
    otyp = TinyNN.tnn_gguf_tensor_type(gguf_handle, oidx)
    self.t_seq_output = TinyNN.tnn_input_2d_persistent_typed(@sess,
                      @seq_vocab_size, @seq_d_model, otyp)
  end

  # P2.6 Step 2 — seeding loop moved onto the arch (LlamaArch#seed_blocks!).
  @seq_arch.seed_blocks!(@seq_n_layers)

  # P2.7 pass-3 — the per-block ALLOC-typed loop body moved onto
  # TransformerBlock#alloc_q8_typed_from_gguf! (verbatim; called ONLY
  # from here). Mirrors load_from_gguf_mmap!'s arg-passing exactly: every
  # dim/flag arrives as an arg, NO ivar reads off the block. The q8 path
  # never names LoRA tensors, so the moved body is :str-free (#16-clean)
  # — no lora_name_q! back-calls (unlike load_from_gguf_mmap!).
  li = 0
  while li < @seq_n_layers
    blk = self.seq_blocks_ffi[li]
    blk.alloc_q8_typed_from_gguf!(@sess, gguf_handle, li,
                                  @seq_n_heads, @seq_n_kv, @seq_d_head, @seq_d_model,
                                  @seq_d_ff, @seq_vocab_size, @seq_lora_q_enabled,
                                  @seq_lora_q_rank, @seq_lora_q_adamw_enabled, qkv_bias)
    li = li + 1
  end

  if @seq_lora_q_enabled
    li2 = 0
    while li2 < @seq_n_layers
      blk2 = self.seq_blocks_ffi[li2]
      hq_p = 0
      while hq_p < @seq_n_heads
        TinyNN.tnn_set_param(blk2.t_seq_w_lora_a_q[hq_p])
        TinyNN.tnn_set_param(blk2.t_seq_w_lora_b_q[hq_p])
        hq_p = hq_p + 1
      end
      li2 = li2 + 1
    end
  end

  finalize_weights_and_upload_constants!

  # Load all weight bytes from the GGUF into the now-allocated
  # backend buffers. Verbatim copy keeps Q8 as Q8.
  TinyNN.tnn_gguf_copy_verbatim_to_persistent(gguf_handle, eidx, @sess, self.t_seq_token_embed)
  fnidx = TinyNN.tnn_gguf_find_index(gguf_handle, "output_norm.weight")
  TinyNN.tnn_gguf_copy_1d_to_persistent(gguf_handle, fnidx, @sess, self.t_seq_final_norm_gamma)
  if untied
    oidx2 = TinyNN.tnn_gguf_find_index(gguf_handle, "output.weight")
    TinyNN.tnn_gguf_copy_verbatim_to_persistent(gguf_handle, oidx2, @sess, self.t_seq_output)
  end

  # P2.7 pass-3 Step 2 — the per-block VERBATIM-COPY loop body moved onto
  # TransformerBlock#copy_q8_bytes_from_gguf! (verbatim; called ONLY from
  # here). The copy phase fills the backend buffers allocated by the
  # alloc_q8_typed_from_gguf! pass; the block reads its OWN t_seq_* handles
  # and writes nothing on itself. NO ivar reads off the cache — every dim
  # (n_heads, n_kv, d_head) and the qkv_bias flag arrive as ARGS. All the
  # moved primitives are tnn_gguf_copy_* / tnn_gguf_find_index — the same
  # :str-at-runtime pattern alloc_q8_typed_from_gguf! already uses, never
  # block class-load scope (#16). The GLOBALS verbatim-copy above (token
  # embed / final norm / untied output) STAYS on the cache — those touch
  # cache-level t_seq_* handles, not the block.
  li_l = 0
  while li_l < @seq_n_layers
    blk = self.seq_blocks_ffi[li_l]
    blk.copy_q8_bytes_from_gguf!(@sess, gguf_handle, li_l,
                                 @seq_n_heads, @seq_n_kv, @seq_d_head, qkv_bias)
    li_l = li_l + 1
  end

  if @seq_lora_q_adamw_enabled
    za = Mat.new(@seq_lora_q_rank, @seq_d_model)
    zb = Mat.new(@seq_d_head,      @seq_lora_q_rank)
    i = 0
    while i < @seq_lora_q_rank * @seq_d_model; za.flat[i] = 0.0; i = i + 1; end
    j = 0
    while j < @seq_d_head * @seq_lora_q_rank; zb.flat[j] = 0.0; j = j + 1; end
    li_z = 0
    while li_z < @seq_n_layers
      blk_z = self.seq_blocks_ffi[li_z]
      hqz = 0
      while hqz < @seq_n_heads
        TinyNN.upload_row_major(@sess, blk_z.t_seq_w_lora_a_q_m[hqz], za)
        TinyNN.upload_row_major(@sess, blk_z.t_seq_w_lora_a_q_v[hqz], za)
        TinyNN.upload_row_major(@sess, blk_z.t_seq_w_lora_b_q_m[hqz], zb)
        TinyNN.upload_row_major(@sess, blk_z.t_seq_w_lora_b_q_v[hqz], zb)
        hqz = hqz + 1
      end
      li_z = li_z + 1
    end
  end

  build_and_realize!
end

#realize_for_random_init(cfg, t_seq, t_batch, weight_dtype, untied, qkv_bias, seed, init_scale) ⇒ Object

P2-α: from-scratch training entry. Allocates the same persistent tensor layout as realize_for_full_finetune (embeddings + per-block weights, all trainable F32 in ctx_w), then random-initialises every weight via Ruby-side Gaussian upload — no GGUF needed.

Force-enables ‘@ft_train_embeddings_enabled` so the existing full-FT machinery allocates persistent F32 embeddings instead of the mmap branch. Caller doesn’t need to call enable_full_finetune_embeddings! first.

Currently Llama-arch only (RMSNorm + GQA + RoPE + SwiGLU). Other architectures (GPT-2 LN, MHA + biases) need a separate trainer cache class; deferred until we actually need GPT-2 from-scratch.



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# File 'lib/toy/llm/engine/llama_seq_engine.rb', line 585

def realize_for_random_init(cfg, t_seq, t_batch, weight_dtype, untied, qkv_bias, seed, init_scale)
  @ft_train_embeddings_enabled = true   # forces persistent-F32 alloc of embeddings
  @seq_full_finetune_enabled   = true   # build_training_step gates on this

  @seq_t          = t_seq
  # GH#7 — micro-batching. B=1 keeps the codepath bit-identical to
  # the pre-GH#7 single-sequence training. B>1 lays out tokens as a
  # flat [T*B] vector with a block-causal attention mask uploaded
  # post-finalize and applied via soft_max_ext.
  @seq_b          = t_batch
  # GH#9 — mixed-precision compute. 0 = F32 (bit-identical to
  # pre-GH#9). 1 = F16, 30 = BF16. See mp_matmul + ivar comment in
  # initialize for the master-copy details.
  @seq_weight_dtype = weight_dtype
  apply_seq_cfg!(cfg)

  @sess                  = TinyNN.tnn_session_new(0)
  # GH#17 — per-head decomposition makes node count scale as
  # O(n_layers × n_heads). The default 65536 cap overflows on
  # 24L × 16-head Qwen-shape at backward-expand. Empirically a
  # 24L × 16-head model needs ~450k nodes for forward + backward +
  # AdamW, so we budget ~1000 nodes per (layer × head) cell + floor.
  cap = cfg.n_layers * cfg.n_heads * 1000 + 65536
  TinyNN.tnn_session_set_graph_capacity(@sess, cap)
  @seq_has_untied_output = untied
  @seq_has_qkv_bias      = qkv_bias
  @seq_donor_d_in        = cfg.donor_d_in   # E2.3 — 0 disables projection lens

  if @seq_rope_scaling.kind == :llama3
    @t_seq_rope_freq_factors = TinyNN.tnn_rope_freq_factors_alloc(@sess, cfg.head_dim)
  else
    @t_seq_rope_freq_factors = TinyNN.tnn_null_ptr
  end

  # Globals — trainable persistent F32 (+ E2.3 projection-lens branch when
  # @seq_donor_d_in > 0). P2-finish: the alloc lifted onto the arch
  # (LlamaArch#alloc_globals_trainable_f32!), which already owns these handles
  # — verbatim, same order, byte-identical. @ft_globals_* recorders + the
  # frozen-embed namer are back-called through `self`.
  @seq_arch.alloc_globals_trainable_f32!(@sess, self, @seq_vocab_size,
                                         @seq_d_model, @seq_donor_d_in, untied)

  # Per-block weights — identical structure to realize_for_full_finetune.
  # P2.6 Step 2 — the block-array seeding loop now lives on the arch
  # (LlamaArch#seed_blocks!), which already owns @seq_blocks_ffi.
  @seq_arch.seed_blocks!(@seq_n_layers)

  # P2.6 Step 4 — the per-block F32 ALLOC loop body now lives on the
  # block (TransformerBlock#alloc_trainable_f32_weights!), which already
  # OWNS these self.t_seq_* handles at forward time. The block takes
  # @sess + the seq dims + the name prefix as ARGS (no ivar reads on the
  # block) and calls the cache's ft_add_1d / ft_add_2d / ft_name_last
  # recorders BACK through the passed `self` reference — those stay on
  # the cache (they read @sess and issue tnn_tensor_set_name :str at
  # runtime; never migrate into block class-load scope). w_o keeps its
  # random_init shape ne=[d_model, n_heads*d_head] inside the block
  # method (not unified with full_finetune's [d_model,d_model]).
  li = 0
  while li < @seq_n_layers
    blk = self.seq_blocks_ffi[li]
    prefix = "blk." + li.to_s + "."
    blk.alloc_trainable_f32_weights!(@sess, self, prefix,
                                     @seq_d_model, @seq_d_ff, @seq_d_head,
                                     @seq_n_heads, @seq_n_kv)
    li = li + 1
  end

  # Mark globals as params too (gated on @ft_train_embeddings_enabled).
  gi = 0
  while gi < @ft_globals_weights.length
    TinyNN.tnn_set_param(@ft_globals_weights[gi])
    gi = gi + 1
  end

  finalize_weights_and_upload_constants!

  # Random-init every weight + zero biases + ones gammas.
  upload_random_init!(seed, init_scale, qkv_bias, untied)
  ft_zero_init_adam(qkv_bias)
  ft_zero_init_adam_globals

  build_and_realize!
end

#seq_blocks_ffi ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/toy/llm/engine/llama_seq_engine.rb', line 94

def seq_blocks_ffi;           @seq_arch.seq_blocks_ffi;           end

#seq_blocks_ffi=(v) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/toy/llm/engine/llama_seq_engine.rb', line 95

def seq_blocks_ffi=(v);       @seq_arch.seq_blocks_ffi = v;       end

#seq_donor_d_in ⇒ Object

E2.3 — projection-lens donor width (0 disables the lens). Plain ivar (NOT in the attr_accessor list); the GGUF-fold writer reads it to know the donor->d_model contraction dimension.



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# File 'lib/toy/llm/engine/llama_seq_engine.rb', line 93

def seq_donor_d_in;           @seq_donor_d_in;                    end

#t_seq_final_norm_gamma ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/toy/llm/engine/llama_seq_engine.rb', line 84

def t_seq_final_norm_gamma;     @seq_arch.t_seq_final_norm_gamma;     end

#t_seq_final_norm_gamma=(v) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/toy/llm/engine/llama_seq_engine.rb', line 85

def t_seq_final_norm_gamma=(v); @seq_arch.t_seq_final_norm_gamma = v; end

#t_seq_output ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/toy/llm/engine/llama_seq_engine.rb', line 86

def t_seq_output;             @seq_arch.t_seq_output;             end

#t_seq_output=(v) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/toy/llm/engine/llama_seq_engine.rb', line 87

def t_seq_output=(v);         @seq_arch.t_seq_output = v;         end

#t_seq_token_embed ⇒ Object

P2.5 — delegators forwarding the arch-owned handle accessors to former public attr_accessor surface (the realize paths assign via self.t_seq_token_embed=, external PCA-init writes fcache.t_seq_w_proj=, examples read fcache.t_seq_*). Single source of truth: the arch.



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# File 'lib/toy/llm/engine/llama_seq_engine.rb', line 82

def t_seq_token_embed;        @seq_arch.t_seq_token_embed;        end

#t_seq_token_embed=(v) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/toy/llm/engine/llama_seq_engine.rb', line 83

def t_seq_token_embed=(v);    @seq_arch.t_seq_token_embed = v;    end

#t_seq_w_proj ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/toy/llm/engine/llama_seq_engine.rb', line 88

def t_seq_w_proj;             @seq_arch.t_seq_w_proj;             end

#t_seq_w_proj=(v) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/toy/llm/engine/llama_seq_engine.rb', line 89

def t_seq_w_proj=(v);         @seq_arch.t_seq_w_proj = v;         end

#upload_block_causal_mask! ⇒ Object

GH#7 — build + upload the block-causal attention mask for B>1. Layout: scores from matmul(K[d_head, T*B], Q[d_head, T*B]) have ne=[T*B, T*B] where ne0 indexes keys and ne1 indexes queries (ggml column-major: flat[ne0_idx + ne1_idx * T*B]). For query position i1 = b_q*T + p_q and key position i0 = b_k*T + p_k:

mask = 0.0  iff b_k == b_q AND p_k <= p_q   (intra-batch causal)
mask = NEG  otherwise                      (cross-batch + future)

NEG = -1.0e30 so exp(NEG) == 0.0 in f32 (avoids Float::INFINITY, which would also work but is one less Spinel codegen variable).



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# File 'lib/toy/llm/engine/llama_seq_engine.rb', line 678

def upload_block_causal_mask!
  tb = @seq_t * @seq_b
  neg = -1.0e30
  mask_arr = [0.0]; mask_arr.pop
  i1 = 0
  while i1 < tb
    b_q = i1 / @seq_t
    p_q = i1 % @seq_t
    i0 = 0
    while i0 < tb
      b_k = i0 / @seq_t
      p_k = i0 % @seq_t
      if b_k == b_q && p_k <= p_q
        mask_arr.push(0.0)
      else
        mask_arr.push(neg)
      end
      i0 = i0 + 1
    end
    i1 = i1 + 1
  end
  TinyNN.tnn_upload_from_float_array(@sess, @t_seq_attn_mask, mask_arr, mask_arr.length)
end

#upload_constant(tensor, n, v) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/toy/llm/engine/llama_seq_engine.rb', line 784

def upload_constant(tensor, n, v)
  buf = [0.0]; buf.pop
  i = 0
  while i < n
    buf.push(v)
    i = i + 1
  end
  TinyNN.tnn_upload_from_float_array(@sess, tensor, buf, n)
end

#upload_gaussian(tensor, n, std, state) ⇒ Object

Box-Muller from a xorshift64-driven uniform stream. state is a one-element Array<Integer> so the mutable PRNG state survives across calls without using class variables. Always emits exactly ‘n` Gaussian-distributed F32 values via tnn_upload_from_float_array.



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# File 'lib/toy/llm/engine/llama_seq_engine.rb', line 758

def upload_gaussian(tensor, n, std, state)
  buf = [0.0]; buf.pop
  pair = 0
  saved = 0.0
  i = 0
  while i < n
    if pair == 0
      u1 = xorshift_uniform!(state)
      u2 = xorshift_uniform!(state)
      if u1 < 1.0e-300; u1 = 1.0e-300; end
      r = Math.sqrt(-2.0 * Math.log(u1))
      theta = 2.0 * Math::PI * u2
      z0 = r * Math.cos(theta) * std
      z1 = r * Math.sin(theta) * std
      buf.push(z0)
      saved = z1
      pair = 1
    else
      buf.push(saved)
      pair = 0
    end
    i = i + 1
  end
  TinyNN.tnn_upload_from_float_array(@sess, tensor, buf, n)
end

#upload_lora_q_init!(seed, init_scale) ⇒ Object

Seed LoRA-A with a small Gaussian and LoRA-B with zero — the standard init makes the adapter a no-op at step 0 (forward output equals the base model). Mirror of SmolLM2KVFFICache#upload_lora_q_init!.



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# File 'lib/toy/llm/engine/llama_seq_engine.rb', line 1201

def upload_lora_q_init!(seed, init_scale)
  if !@seq_lora_q_enabled; return; end
  s = seed
  m_a = Mat.new(@seq_lora_q_rank, @seq_d_model)
  m_b = Mat.new(@seq_d_head, @seq_lora_q_rank)
  i_b = 0
  while i_b < @seq_d_head * @seq_lora_q_rank
    m_b.flat[i_b] = 0.0
    i_b = i_b + 1
  end
  li = 0
  while li < @seq_n_layers
    blk = self.seq_blocks_ffi[li]
    hq = 0
    while hq < @seq_n_heads
      ii = 0
      while ii < @seq_lora_q_rank * @seq_d_model
        s = (s * 1103515245 + 12345) & 0x7FFFFFFF
        u1 = (s.to_f + 1.0) / 2147483648.0
        s = (s * 1103515245 + 12345) & 0x7FFFFFFF
        u2 = (s.to_f + 1.0) / 2147483648.0
        m_a.flat[ii] = init_scale * Math.sqrt(-2.0 * Math.log(u1)) * Math.cos(2.0 * Math::PI * u2)
        ii = ii + 1
      end
      TinyNN.upload_row_major(@sess, blk.t_seq_w_lora_a_q[hq], m_a)
      TinyNN.upload_row_major(@sess, blk.t_seq_w_lora_b_q[hq], m_b)
      hq = hq + 1
    end
    li = li + 1
  end
end

#upload_random_init!(seed, init_scale, qkv_bias, untied) ⇒ Object

Fill every persistent weight tensor with N(0, std) values. Norm gammas → 1.0, biases (if present) → 0.0, matmul weights →N(0, init_scale/sqrt(fan_in)). Token embedding uses GPT-2-style N(0, 0.02). All values computed in Ruby, uploaded in bulk via tnn_upload_from_float_array.



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# File 'lib/toy/llm/engine/llama_seq_engine.rb', line 707

def upload_random_init!(seed, init_scale, qkv_bias, untied)
  state = [seed]

  # Token embed: width depends on projection lens.
  # When donor_d_in > 0, embed is [vocab, donor_d_in] (caller may
  # overwrite with real donor values after realize); the trainable
  # projection W_proj [donor_d_in, d_model] also gets a Gaussian init.
  embed_cols = @seq_donor_d_in > 0 ? @seq_donor_d_in : @seq_d_model
  upload_gaussian(self.t_seq_token_embed, @seq_vocab_size * embed_cols, 0.02, state)
  if @seq_donor_d_in > 0
    upload_gaussian(self.t_seq_w_proj, @seq_donor_d_in * @seq_d_model,
                     1.0 / Math.sqrt(@seq_donor_d_in.to_f), state)
  end
  upload_constant(self.t_seq_final_norm_gamma, @seq_d_model, 1.0)
  if untied
    upload_gaussian(self.t_seq_output, @seq_vocab_size * @seq_d_model, 0.02, state)
  end

  inv_sqrt_d   = init_scale / Math.sqrt(@seq_d_model.to_f)
  inv_sqrt_dff = init_scale / Math.sqrt(@seq_d_ff.to_f)

  li = 0
  while li < @seq_n_layers
    blk = self.seq_blocks_ffi[li]
    upload_constant(blk.t_seq_rn1_gamma, @seq_d_model, 1.0)
    upload_constant(blk.t_seq_rn2_gamma, @seq_d_model, 1.0)

    hq = 0
    while hq < @seq_n_heads
      upload_gaussian(blk.t_seq_w_q[hq], @seq_d_head * @seq_d_model, inv_sqrt_d, state)
      hq = hq + 1
    end
    hkv = 0
    while hkv < @seq_n_kv
      upload_gaussian(blk.t_seq_w_k[hkv], @seq_d_head * @seq_d_model, inv_sqrt_d, state)
      upload_gaussian(blk.t_seq_w_v[hkv], @seq_d_head * @seq_d_model, inv_sqrt_d, state)
      hkv = hkv + 1
    end

    upload_gaussian(blk.t_seq_w_o,    @seq_d_model * @seq_n_heads * @seq_d_head, inv_sqrt_d, state)
    upload_gaussian(blk.t_seq_w_gate, @seq_d_ff    * @seq_d_model, inv_sqrt_d, state)
    upload_gaussian(blk.t_seq_w_up,   @seq_d_ff    * @seq_d_model, inv_sqrt_d, state)
    upload_gaussian(blk.t_seq_w_down, @seq_d_model * @seq_d_ff,    inv_sqrt_dff, state)
    li = li + 1
  end
end

#xorshift_uniform!(state) ⇒ Object

xorshift64 → uniform in (0, 1). Mutates state.



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# File 'lib/toy/llm/engine/llama_seq_engine.rb', line 795

def xorshift_uniform!(state)
  x = state[0]
  x = x ^ (x << 13)
  x = x & 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF
  x = x ^ (x >> 7)
  x = x ^ (x << 17)
  x = x & 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF
  state[0] = x
  (x.to_f / 18446744073709551616.0) + 1.0e-300
end