Module: PWN::AI::Agent::Learning
- Defined in:
- lib/pwn/ai/agent/learning.rb
Overview
PWN::AI::Agent::Learning is the self-improvement engine that closes the pwn-ai feedback loop. It captures task outcomes, mines session transcripts for durable lessons, promotes successful workflows into reusable skills, and keeps ~/.pwn lean (memory + learning.jsonl + mistakes + sessions) so the agent gets sharper over time instead of accumulating noise.
Data flows:
Loop.run --(tool telemetry)--> Metrics.record
Loop.run --(final answer)----> Learning.auto_introspect (opt-in)
auto_introspect --(throttled)--> Learning.gc_stores! # ~/.pwn lean
model --(tool calls)------> learning_note_outcome / _distill_skill
PromptBuilder <----------------- Learning.to_context + Metrics.to_context
Everything is file-backed under ~/.pwn so it survives across REPL restarts and is shared by every future session.
Constant Summary collapse
- LEARNING_FILE =
File.join(Dir.home, '.pwn', 'learning.jsonl')
- FINETUNE_DIR =
File.join(Dir.home, '.pwn', 'finetune')
- INTROSPECT_SOFT_MS =
P0 — post-answer introspect must not train "stop early" while spending the iteration budget after the final. Soft cap skips expensive stages (tool critic, PRM-LLM, reflect, extrospect); hard cap keeps only note_outcome + judge(heuristic) + sentinel.
2_500- INTROSPECT_HARD_MS =
8_000- INTROSPECT_MIN_STAGES =
%i[judge note_outcome fold_judge sentinel].freeze
- MAX_MEMORY_ENTRIES =
200- MAX_OUTCOME_ROWS =
Lean outcome retention — keep gold RL signal, drop bulk auto noise.
800- OUTCOME_RETAIN_DAYS =
45- OUTCOME_RECENT_DAYS =
14- OUTCOME_DETAILS_MAX =
800- GOLD_MIN_SCORE =
0.6- EXEMPLARS_POOL_MIN =
200- FAILURE_WINDOW_MIN =
200- HIGH_VALUE_TAGS =
%w[ needs_human extro_verify sdr gqrx rl pwn-ai curriculum hindsight her ].freeze
- LOW_VALUE_ONLY_TAGS =
%w[ auto loop partial wrong solved offline_judge plan_cover_high ].freeze
- PRUNE_EVERY_N_APPENDS =
25- CLAIM_METRIC_WORDS =
E3/P26 — only CVE-ids or software-name + full semver (x.y.z). Two-part floats ("cap 0.2", "proxy 1.0", "judge 37.0") are RL metric crumbs that were scraped by verify_as_reward and flooded learning.jsonl with extro_verify :unknown failures.
%w[ cap share proxy judge success only now clears gap score rate mean brier overconf distrust trajectory_fraction handler orm prm delta limit window pct percent ms iter budget conf confidence n ruby python linux kernel host cwd e.g e.g. ].freeze
- CLAIM_RX =
/ CVE-\d{4}-\d{4,7} | \b (?! (?:cap|share|proxy|judge|success|only|now|clears|gap|score|rate|mean| brier|overconf|distrust|trajectory_fraction|handler|orm|prm|delta| limit|window|pct|percent|ms|iter|budget|conf|confidence| ruby|python|linux|kernel|host|cwd|e\.g) \b ) [A-Za-z][\w.+-]{2,} \s+ v?\d+\.\d+\.\d+(?:[-+][\w.]+)? \b /x- SFT_MIN_SCORE =
P12 — SFT quality gate (as hard as DPO source-cap): drop HER/soft, low judge_score, auto-only noise without score, and PRM-compress trajectories so LoRA is not 5MB of "how we flailed".
0.6- SFT_MAX_TOOL_CHARS =
1_200- PROCESS_SOP_RX =
M4.1 — keyword gate for "process / hygiene" SOPs the operator keeps re-requesting (rubocop, rake, rspec, conventions). These must become durable Memory lessons, not just learning.jsonl rows.
%r{\b(rubocop|rake\b|rspec|bundle\s+exec|conventions?|lint(?:ing)?|style/|code\s*hygiene|post[- ]?patch|after\s+(?:every\s+)?(?:patch|change|edit))\b}i- FAILURE_FINAL_RX =
/\[pwn-ai\] (iteration budget exhausted|engine returned no message)|\b(i (was )?unable to|i could not|i couldn'?t|cannot proceed|failed to)\b/i
Class Method Summary collapse
-
.authors ⇒ Object
- Author(s)
0day Inc.
-
.auto_introspect(opts = {}) ⇒ Object
- Supported Method Parameters
PWN::AI::Agent::Learning.auto_introspect( session_id: 'required - id of the just-completed session', request: 'optional - original user request (for outcome logging)', final: 'optional - final assistant answer (for outcome logging)' ).
-
.consolidate(opts = {}) ⇒ Object
- Supported Method Parameters
removed = PWN::AI::Agent::Learning.consolidate( max_entries: 'optional - hard cap on PWN::Memory size (default MAX_MEMORY_ENTRIES)' ).
-
.distill_skill(opts = {}) ⇒ Object
- Supported Method Parameters
skill = PWN::AI::Agent::Learning.distill_skill( name: 'required - snake_case name for the new skill', session_id: 'optional - PWN::Sessions id to mine (uses its transcript)', content: 'optional - explicit markdown body; overrides transcript mining', references: 'optional - Array of reference URLs / CWE / CVE / ATT&CK ids' ).
-
.exemplars_for(opts = {}) ⇒ Object
- Supported Method Parameters
msgs = PWN::AI::Agent::Learning.exemplars_for( request: 'required - current user request', limit: 'optional - max exemplar traces to return (default 1)', max_msgs: 'optional - cap on messages per exemplar (default 6)' ).
- .export_finetune(opts = {}) ⇒ Object
- .flip_last_outcome(opts = {}) ⇒ Object
-
.gc_stores!(opts = {}) ⇒ Object
One-shot lean across memory + learning + mistakes + sessions.
-
.help ⇒ Object
Display Usage for this Module.
-
.lean!(opts = {}) ⇒ Object
Memory lean + outcome prune.
-
.note_outcome(opts = {}) ⇒ Object
- Supported Method Parameters
entry = PWN::AI::Agent::Learning.note_outcome( task: 'required - short description of what was attempted', success: 'required - Boolean, did the attempt achieve its goal', details: 'optional - free-form notes / error / evidence', session_id: 'optional - PWN::Sessions id this outcome belongs to', tags: 'optional - Array of String labels for later retrieval' ).
-
.outcomes(opts = {}) ⇒ Object
- Supported Method Parameters
rows = PWN::AI::Agent::Learning.outcomes( limit: 'optional - max entries returned newest-first (default 50)', success: 'optional - filter by Boolean outcome', tag: 'optional - filter by tag substring' ).
-
.prune_outcomes!(opts = {}) ⇒ Object
- Supported Method Parameters
result = PWN::AI::Agent::Learning.prune_outcomes!( dry_run: 'optional - Boolean (default false)', max_rows: 'optional - hard cap (default MAX_OUTCOME_ROWS)', retain_days: 'optional - age floor for low-value drop', recent_days: 'optional - always keep newer than this' ).
-
.purge_noise ⇒ Object
- Supported Method Parameters
PWN::AI::Agent::Learning.purge_noise.
-
.reconcile_verdict_tags!(opts = {}) ⇒ Object
One-shot / on-load repair: rewrite tags+details where verdict label disagrees with score (solved @ 0.3 etc.).
-
.reflect(opts = {}) ⇒ Object
- Supported Method Parameters
report = PWN::AI::Agent::Learning.reflect( session_id: 'required - PWN::Sessions id to analyse', dry_run: 'optional - when true, do not write to Memory/Skills (default false)' ).
-
.reset ⇒ Object
- Supported Method Parameters
PWN::AI::Agent::Learning.reset.
-
.stats ⇒ Object
- Supported Method Parameters
stats = PWN::AI::Agent::Learning.stats.
-
.to_context(opts = {}) ⇒ Object
- Supported Method Parameters
ctx = PWN::AI::Agent::Learning.to_context( limit: 'optional - number of recent outcomes to surface (default 5)' ).
-
.update_skill(opts = {}) ⇒ Object
Fold RL artefacts (mistakes / structured_fix / an explicit lesson) into an existing skill.
Class Method Details
.authors ⇒ Object
- Author(s)
0day Inc. support@0dayinc.com
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# File 'lib/pwn/ai/agent/learning.rb', line 1759 public_class_method def self. "AUTHOR(S):\n 0day Inc. <support@0dayinc.com>\n" end |
.auto_introspect(opts = {}) ⇒ Object
- Supported Method Parameters
PWN::AI::Agent::Learning.auto_introspect( session_id: 'required - id of the just-completed session', request: 'optional - original user request (for outcome logging)', final: 'optional - final assistant answer (for outcome logging)' )
Called by Loop.run when PWN::Env[:agent][:auto_introspect] is truthy. Never raises — learning must not break the primary loop.
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# File 'lib/pwn/ai/agent/learning.rb', line 517 public_class_method def self.auto_introspect(opts = {}) session_id = opts[:session_id] return unless session_id return unless auto_introspect_enabled? # Hermes split: Loop.run is on the stack → defer critic/judge/PRM/HER # onto a daemon thread so the user already has the reply. Specs, # cron, and tools pass through (inline:true or no user-path depth). return TurnFinalizer.defer(opts.merge(inline: true)) if defined?(TurnFinalizer) && !opts[:inline] && TurnFinalizer.should_defer? t0 = Process.clock_gettime(Process::CLOCK_MONOTONIC) stages_run = [] stages_skipped = [] budget_hot = begin defined?(Loop) && Loop.respond_to?(:budget_exhaustion_hot?, true) && Loop.send(:budget_exhaustion_hot?) rescue StandardError false end elapsed_ms = lambda do ((Process.clock_gettime(Process::CLOCK_MONOTONIC) - t0) * 1000).round end # soft = skip expensive; hard = stop almost everything over_soft = lambda do ms = elapsed_ms.call ms >= INTROSPECT_SOFT_MS || budget_hot end over_hard = lambda do ms = elapsed_ms.call ms >= INTROSPECT_HARD_MS end proxy_ok = infer_success(session_id: session_id, final: opts[:final]) crit = { verdict: :pass, source: :skipped } # Live-turn critic is always text-only. A tool-armed persona is # another Loop.run of the same goal (opens more browsers, never # returns the operator answer). Cron/practice still call # Curriculum.critic without text_only. if !defined?(Curriculum) || over_hard.call stages_skipped << :critic else stages_run << :critic_text_only crit = Curriculum.critic( request: opts[:request], final: opts[:final], session_id: session_id, text_only: true ) end # R1 judge — always attempt (heuristic is cheap; LLM gated inside) stages_run << :judge v = Reward.judge(request: opts[:request], final: opts[:final], session_id: session_id, proxy_ok: proxy_ok, predicted: opts[:predicted], plan: opts[:plan]) if defined?(Reward) v ||= { score: proxy_ok ? 1.0 : 0.0, success: proxy_ok, verdict: proxy_ok ? :solved : :wrong } v[:score] = [v[:score], 0.3].min if crit[:verdict] == :flaw # P29 — critic floor used to leave stale verdict=:solved at score=0.3, # producing learning.jsonl rows tagged "solved" with success=false # (116+ rows). Always resync verdict/success from the final score. v[:verdict] = verdict_for_score(score: v[:score]) v[:success] = v[:score].to_f >= 0.6 ok = v[:success] # W1 pending user_correction pair pend = Thread.current[:pwn_pending_pref] if pend && ok && defined?(Reward) stages_run << :user_correction_pref Reward.record_preference( prompt: pend[:prompt], rejected: pend[:rejected], chosen: opts[:final].to_s, source: :user_correction, shape: :revised_answer, force: true ) Thread.current[:pwn_pending_pref] = nil end # Soft plan-quality feature (W3) — tag only; not full DPO. plan_cov = nil if defined?(Reward) && Reward.respond_to?(:plan_coverage) begin plan_for_cov = opts[:plan] plan_for_cov = opts[:ts_state][:plan] if plan_for_cov.nil? && opts[:ts_state].is_a?(Hash) if plan_for_cov.nil? && defined?(TaskSummarizer) # Recover numbered tasks from the final/request only when caller # did not pass a plan — still keeps TaskSummarizer out of the # credit path (parse is pure text). plan_for_cov = nil end if !plan_for_cov.nil? || opts[:final].to_s.length.positive? plan_cov = Reward.plan_coverage( plan: plan_for_cov || [], final: opts[:final], request: opts[:request], session_id: session_id ) stages_run << :plan_coverage if plan_cov && plan_cov[:total].to_i.positive? end rescue StandardError => e warn "[pwn-ai/learning] plan_coverage swallowed: #{e.class}: #{e.}" end end stages_run << :note_outcome = ['auto', 'loop', v[:verdict].to_s] << plan_cov[:tag] if plan_cov && plan_cov[:tag] << "plan_cover=#{plan_cov[:score]}" if plan_cov && plan_cov[:total].to_i.positive? # P29 — persist the bare user ask (strip REQUEST:/GOAL: envelopes at write time) task_txt = display_task(task: opts[:request].to_s) task_txt = opts[:request].to_s[0, 100] if task_txt.empty? note_outcome( task: task_txt, success: ok, score: v[:score], details: "#{v[:verdict]}(#{v[:score].to_f.round(2)}) #{v[:rationale]} | #{opts[:final].to_s[0, 200]}", session_id: session_id, tags: , judge_source: v[:source] ) stages_run << :fold_judge fold_judge_into_metrics(session_id: session_id, score: v[:score], confidence: v[:confidence]) # R5 — close the live MDP episode with the ORM terminal reward. if defined?(PWN::AI::Agent::Policy) && Policy.respond_to?(:finish) stages_run << :policy Policy.finish( session_id: session_id, score: v[:score], verdict: v[:verdict], proxy_ok: ok, final: opts[:final], ts_state: opts[:ts_state] ) end # R2 PRM — skip under hard cap (expensive LLM); keep under soft if heuristic path if over_hard.call stages_skipped << :prm elsif defined?(Reward) stages_run << :prm Reward.prm(request: opts[:request], session_id: session_id) end # C3 HER — only on failure; skip hard if !ok && defined?(Curriculum) && !over_hard.call stages_run << :hindsight Curriculum.hindsight(request: opts[:request], final: opts[:final], session_id: session_id) else stages_skipped << :hindsight unless ok end # W3 calibrate — cheap; always write so Metrics.calibration is never empty. predicted = opts[:predicted] predicted = recover_predicted_from_session(session_id: session_id) if predicted.nil? stages_run << :calibrate if defined?(Curriculum) # reflect on success — skip soft/hard (LLM + memory writes) # M4.1 — also reflect when the request/final is a process SOP # (code hygiene) even if judge score < 0.6, so rubocop/rake # lessons still land in PWN::Memory. process_sop = process_sop_text?(text: "#{opts[:request]} #{opts[:final]}") if (ok || process_sop) && !over_soft.call stages_run << :reflect reflect(session_id: session_id) elsif ok || process_sop stages_skipped << :reflect # Cheap path under soft budget: still promote a canned process lesson if process_sop && defined?(PWN::Memory) promote_process_lesson( entry: { task: opts[:request].to_s[0, 120], success: ok, score: v[:score], details: opts[:final].to_s[0, 500], tags: %w[auto process_sop] } ) end end # R3 sentinel — cheap disk math; always if defined?(Reward) stages_run << :sentinel Reward.sentinel end # E ambient extrospect — skip soft (can launch probes) if defined?(Extrospection) && !over_soft.call stages_run << :extrospect Extrospection.auto_extrospect(session_id: session_id) else stages_skipped << :extrospect end # Keep ~/.pwn RL stores lean on the feedback path (memory + # learning.jsonl + mistakes + sessions). Throttled; never raises. # Disk-only work: skip only hard budget / budget_hot. begin if !over_hard.call && !budget_hot && should_gc_stores? stages_run << :lean_gc gc_stores!(current_session_id: session_id) elsif should_gc_stores? stages_skipped << :lean_gc end rescue StandardError => e warn "[pwn-ai/learning] post-introspect lean swallowed: #{e.class}: #{e.}" end { ok: ok, score: v[:score], elapsed_ms: elapsed_ms.call, budget_hot: budget_hot, stages_run: stages_run, stages_skipped: stages_skipped } rescue StandardError => e warn "[pwn-ai/learning] auto_introspect swallowed: #{e.class}: #{e.}" nil end |
.consolidate(opts = {}) ⇒ Object
- Supported Method Parameters
removed = PWN::AI::Agent::Learning.consolidate( max_entries: 'optional - hard cap on PWN::Memory size (default MAX_MEMORY_ENTRIES)' )
Deduplicates near-identical lesson values and prunes the oldest entries once the cap is exceeded so the injected MEMORY block stays high-signal.
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# File 'lib/pwn/ai/agent/learning.rb', line 772 public_class_method def self.consolidate(opts = {}) cap = opts[:max_entries] || MAX_MEMORY_ENTRIES return { removed: 0 } unless defined?(PWN::Memory) mem = nil load_err = nil begin mem = PWN::Memory.load rescue StandardError => e load_err = e end if load_err warn "[pwn-ai/learning] consolidate aborted (memory load failed): #{load_err.class}: #{load_err.}" return { removed: 0, aborted: true, error: "#{load_err.class}: #{load_err.}" } end removed = [] # M1 — semantic clustering: embed :lesson entries, greedy-merge # near-duplicates (cosine ≥ 0.92) via Reflect into ONE imperative # lesson. Falls back to sha-dedup when no embed backend. removed.concat(semantic_merge(mem: mem)) if defined?(PWN::MemoryIndex) && PWN::MemoryIndex.available? seen = {} mem.each do |k, v| sig = Digest::SHA256.hexdigest(v[:value].to_s.strip.downcase)[0, 16] seen[sig] ? removed << k : seen[sig] = k end removed.uniq.each { |k| mem.delete(k) } # M3 — evict by (age/ttl) / (importance × confidence), NOT # oldest-first. Hand-written high-value lessons survive; low- # confidence :heuristic auto-gen self-evicts first. if mem.size > cap now = Time.now.utc scored = mem.map do |k, v| if defined?(PWN::Memory) && PWN::Memory.respond_to?(:protected_entry?) && PWN::Memory.protected_entry?(key: k, entry: v) next [k, Float::INFINITY] end age_d = (now - Time.parse(v[:timestamp].to_s)) / 86_400.0 ttl_d = (v[:ttl].to_f / 86_400.0) imp = (v[:importance] || 0.5).to_f.clamp(0.05, 1.0) conf = (v[:confidence] || (v[:source].to_s == 'human' ? 0.95 : 0.5)).to_f.clamp(0.05, 1.0) staleness = ttl_d.positive? ? age_d / ttl_d : age_d / 90.0 # lower score = drop first; Infinity protected sorts last [k, -(staleness / (imp * conf))] rescue StandardError [k, 0.0] end # sort ascending by score so lowest (most stale/low-imp) first ordered = scored.sort_by { |_k, s| s } drop = [] ordered.each do |pair| k = pair[0] break if mem.size - drop.size <= cap next if defined?(PWN::Memory) && PWN::Memory.respond_to?(:protected_entry?) && PWN::Memory.protected_entry?(key: k, entry: mem[k]) drop << k end drop.each { |k| mem.delete(k) } removed.concat(drop) end PWN::Memory.save(mem: mem, force: mem.empty?) if PWN::Memory.respond_to?(:lean!) begin PWN::Memory.lean! rescue StandardError => e warn "[pwn-ai/learning] post-consolidate memory.lean! swallowed: #{e.class}: #{e.}" end end { removed: removed.uniq.length, remaining: mem.size } end |
.distill_skill(opts = {}) ⇒ Object
- Supported Method Parameters
skill = PWN::AI::Agent::Learning.distill_skill( name: 'required - snake_case name for the new skill', session_id: 'optional - PWN::Sessions id to mine (uses its transcript)', content: 'optional - explicit markdown body; overrides transcript mining', references: 'optional - Array of reference URLs / CWE / CVE / ATT&CK ids' )
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# File 'lib/pwn/ai/agent/learning.rb', line 391 public_class_method def self.distill_skill(opts = {}) raise 'ERROR: name is required' if opts[:name].to_s.strip.empty? body = opts[:content].to_s body = build_skill_from_session(session_id: opts[:session_id], name: opts[:name]) if body.strip.empty? && opts[:session_id] raise 'ERROR: content or session_id is required' if body.strip.empty? root = skills_dir out = PWN::Config.write_skill( name: opts[:name], description: opts[:description], content: body, references: opts[:references], pwn_skills_path: root ) PWN::Config.load_skills(pwn_skills_path: root) if PWN::Config.respond_to?(:load_skills) note_outcome(task: "distill_skill:#{out[:name]}", success: true, details: "Saved #{out[:path]}", tags: %w[skill auto]) out.merge(saved: true) end |
.exemplars_for(opts = {}) ⇒ Object
- Supported Method Parameters
msgs = PWN::AI::Agent::Learning.exemplars_for( request: 'required - current user request', limit: 'optional - max exemplar traces to return (default 1)', max_msgs: 'optional - cap on messages per exemplar (default 6)' )
Retrieval-augmented BEHAVIOUR: keyword-matches request against prior successful outcomes in learning.jsonl, loads the matching session, and compresses its (user, tool, assistant) trace into a short few-shot exemplar Loop.run splices between system and user. Local models are dramatically better with 1 concrete example than with 25 abstract lessons.
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# File 'lib/pwn/ai/agent/learning.rb', line 258 public_class_method def self.exemplars_for(opts = {}) request = opts[:request].to_s.downcase limit = (opts[:limit] || 1).to_i max_msgs = (opts[:max_msgs] || 6).to_i return [] if request.strip.empty? tokens = request.scan(/[a-z0-9_]{3,}/).uniq return [] if tokens.empty? now = Time.now.utc # C2 — prioritized replay: priority = judge_score × recency_decay × keyword_sim # C2 — strict success:true only (excludes HER success:'soft'). Also # down-weight any residual hindsight-tagged rows so partial failures # never launder into full-strength few-shot exemplars. # P20 — strict success:true AND prefer high judge scores. Drop rows # with explicit low ORM score so proxy-true / judge-low cannot be few-shot. pool = outcomes(limit: 500, success: true).reject { |r| r[:session_id].to_s.empty? } pool = pool.reject { |r| r.key?(:score) && r[:score].to_f < 0.6 } scored = pool.map do |r| sim = tokens.count { |t| r[:task].to_s.downcase.include?(t) }.to_f / tokens.length age_d = (now - Time.parse(r[:timestamp].to_s)) / 86_400.0 decay = Math.exp(-age_d / 30.0) score = (r[:score] || 1.0).to_f = Array(r[:tags]).map(&:to_s) # HER / soft / hindsight → 0.35× so they cannot dominate C2 priority score *= 0.35 if r[:success].to_s == 'soft' || .intersect?(%w[hindsight her soft]) [r, sim * decay * score] rescue StandardError [r, 0.0] end hits = scored.reject { |_, pr| pr <= 0.0 }.sort_by { |_, pr| -pr }.first(limit).map(&:first) hits.flat_map { |r| compress_exemplar(session_id: r[:session_id], max_msgs: max_msgs) } rescue StandardError [] end |
.export_finetune(opts = {}) ⇒ Object
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# File 'lib/pwn/ai/agent/learning.rb', line 315 public_class_method def self.export_finetune(opts = {}) fmt = (opts[:format] || :sharegpt).to_sym min_tools = (opts[:min_tools] || 1).to_i min_score = (opts[:min_score] || SFT_MIN_SCORE).to_f compress = opts.key?(:compress) ? opts[:compress] : true FileUtils.mkdir_p(FINETUNE_DIR) out = opts[:out] || File.join(FINETUNE_DIR, "pwn-#{Time.now.utc.strftime('%Y%m%d')}.jsonl") # 4.1 / P12 — exclude HER soft-success + low-score + untagged auto flail gold = outcomes(limit: 10_000, success: true).reject do |r| = Array(r[:tags]).map(&:to_s) soft = r[:success].to_s == 'soft' || .intersect?(%w[hindsight her soft]) low = !r[:score].nil? && r[:score].to_f < min_score # require a score when present in corpus era that has scores soft || low end # prefer highest-score outcome per session by_sid = {} gold.each do |r| sid = r[:session_id].to_s next if sid.empty? prev = by_sid[sid] by_sid[sid] = r if prev.nil? || r[:score].to_f >= prev[:score].to_f end sids = by_sid.keys rows = 0 dropped = { tools: 0, empty: 0, load: 0 } File.open(out, 'w') do |f| sids.each do |sid| t = begin PWN::Sessions.load(session_id: sid) rescue StandardError dropped[:load] += 1 next end tool_n = t.count { |e| e[:role].to_s == 'tool' } if tool_n < min_tools dropped[:tools] += 1 next end conv = if compress compress_finetune_trace(transcript: t, max_tool_chars: SFT_MAX_TOOL_CHARS) else t.map { |e| { role: e[:role].to_s, content: e[:content].to_s } } .reject { |e| e[:role] == 'system' && e[:content].start_with?('Session started') } end if conv.nil? || conv.empty? || conv.none? { |m| m[:role].to_s == 'assistant' } dropped[:empty] += 1 next end line = case fmt when :openai_jsonl then { messages: conv } else { conversations: conv.map { |m| { from: sharegpt_role(role: m[:role]), value: m[:content] } } } end f.puts(JSON.generate(line)) rows += 1 end end { path: out, format: fmt, sessions: sids.length, samples: rows, bytes: File.size(out), min_score: min_score, compressed: compress, dropped: dropped } end |
.flip_last_outcome(opts = {}) ⇒ Object
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# File 'lib/pwn/ai/agent/learning.rb', line 740 public_class_method def self.flip_last_outcome(opts = {}) return { flipped: false } unless File.exist?(LEARNING_FILE) lines = File.readlines(LEARNING_FILE) return { flipped: false } if lines.empty? last = JSON.parse(lines.last, symbolize_names: true) return { flipped: false } if opts[:session_id] && last[:session_id] && last[:session_id] != opts[:session_id] return { flipped: false } unless last[:success] last[:success] = false last[:flipped_by] = 'user_correction' last[:details] = "#{last[:details]} | CORRECTED: #{opts[:reason].to_s[0, 200]}".strip last[:score] = 0.0 lines[-1] = "#{JSON.generate(last)}\n" File.write(LEARNING_FILE, lines.join) # W1 — the (rejected_prev_answer, chosen_next_answer) pair is # captured by Mistakes.check_user_correction which has both. { flipped: true, id: last[:id], rejected: last[:details].to_s[0, 2_000] } rescue StandardError { flipped: false } end |
.gc_stores!(opts = {}) ⇒ Object
One-shot lean across memory + learning + mistakes + sessions. Called from auto_introspect (throttled) so the RL feedback loop keeps ~/.pwn high-signal without a manual learning_gc_stores turn.
- Supported Method Parameters
result = PWN::AI::Agent::Learning.gc_stores!( dry_run: 'optional - Boolean (default false)', current_session_id: 'optional - never delete this sessions id', max_entries: 'optional - Memory consolidate cap', max_rows: 'optional - learning.jsonl cap', retain_days: 'optional - outcome / session age floor' )
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# File 'lib/pwn/ai/agent/learning.rb', line 1645 public_class_method def self.gc_stores!(opts = {}) dry = opts[:dry_run] ? true : false res = lean!( dry_run: dry, max_entries: opts[:max_entries], max_rows: opts[:max_rows], retain_days: opts[:retain_days], recent_days: opts[:recent_days], details_max: opts[:details_max], gold_min_score: opts[:gold_min_score] ) res[:mistakes] = if defined?(Mistakes) && Mistakes.respond_to?(:lean!) Mistakes.lean!(dry_run: dry) else { skipped: true } end res[:policy] = if defined?(PWN::AI::Agent::Policy) && Policy.respond_to?(:lean!) Policy.lean!(dry_run: dry) else { skipped: true } end res[:sessions] = if defined?(PWN::Sessions) && PWN::Sessions.respond_to?(:lean!) sess_opts = { dry_run: dry } sid = opts[:current_session_id].to_s sess_opts[:current_session_id] = sid unless sid.empty? sess_opts[:retain_days] = opts[:retain_days] if opts.key?(:retain_days) sess_opts[:max_files] = opts[:max_files] if opts.key?(:max_files) PWN::Sessions.lean!(**sess_opts) else { skipped: true } end res end |
.help ⇒ Object
Display Usage for this Module
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# File 'lib/pwn/ai/agent/learning.rb', line 1765 public_class_method def self.help puts <<~USAGE USAGE: PWN::AI::Agent::Learning.note_outcome(task: 'nmap sweep 10.0.0.0/24', success: true, details: '12 hosts up') PWN::AI::Agent::Learning.outcomes(limit: 20, success: false) PWN::AI::Agent::Learning.reflect(session_id: sid) # LLM or heuristic → PWN::Memory PWN::AI::Agent::Learning.auto_introspect(session_id: sid, request: req, final: text) PWN::AI::Agent::Learning.distill_skill(name: 'quick_recon', session_id: sid) PWN::AI::Agent::Learning.exemplars_for(request: 'nmap sweep 10/8') # few-shot for Loop.run PWN::AI::Agent::Learning.export_finetune(format: :sharegpt) # -> ~/.pwn/finetune/*.jsonl PWN::AI::Agent::Learning.consolidate(max_entries: 200) # M1 semantic-merge + M3 importance-evict PWN::AI::Agent::Learning.lean! # memory + learning.jsonl prune PWN::AI::Agent::Learning.gc_stores! # full ~/.pwn RL lean (mem/learn/mistakes/sessions) PWN::AI::Agent::Learning.prune_outcomes! # learning.jsonl gold-keep cap PWN::AI::Agent::Learning.purge_noise # one-shot GC of pre-R1 garbage lessons PWN::AI::Agent::Learning.to_context(limit: 5) # injected by PromptBuilder PWN::AI::Agent::Learning.stats PWN::AI::Agent::Learning.reset Enable end-of-run auto-learning with: PWN::Env[:ai][:agent][:auto_introspect] = true # auto_introspect throttles gc_stores! every PRUNE_EVERY_N_APPENDS # outcomes so ~/.pwn stays lean without a manual GC turn. #{self}.authors USAGE end |
.lean!(opts = {}) ⇒ Object
Memory lean + outcome prune.
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# File 'lib/pwn/ai/agent/learning.rb', line 1614 public_class_method def self.lean!(opts = {}) dry = opts[:dry_run] ? true : false out = { dry_run: dry } out[:memory] = if defined?(PWN::Memory) && PWN::Memory.respond_to?(:lean!) PWN::Memory.lean!(dry_run: dry) else { skipped: true } end out[:memory_consolidate] = consolidate(max_entries: opts[:max_entries] || MAX_MEMORY_ENTRIES) unless dry out[:learning] = prune_outcomes!( dry_run: dry, max_rows: opts[:max_rows], retain_days: opts[:retain_days], recent_days: opts[:recent_days], details_max: opts[:details_max], gold_min_score: opts[:gold_min_score] ) out end |
.note_outcome(opts = {}) ⇒ Object
- Supported Method Parameters
entry = PWN::AI::Agent::Learning.note_outcome( task: 'required - short description of what was attempted', success: 'required - Boolean, did the attempt achieve its goal', details: 'optional - free-form notes / error / evidence', session_id: 'optional - PWN::Sessions id this outcome belongs to', tags: 'optional - Array of String labels for later retrieval' )
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# File 'lib/pwn/ai/agent/learning.rb', line 91 public_class_method def self.note_outcome(opts = {}) task = opts[:task].to_s # 4.1 — allow success: 'soft' (HER) distinct from true/false raw_ok = opts[:success] success = if ['soft', :soft].include?(raw_ok) 'soft' else raw_ok ? true : false end raise 'ERROR: task is required' if task.strip.empty? = Array(opts[:tags]).map(&:to_s) details = opts[:details].to_s[0, OUTCOME_DETAILS_MAX] # Refuse solved-at-fail (and the reverse): when a score is present, # tags / details / boolean success must match verdict_for_score. # Soft HER stays soft so C3 positives are not flipped to true/false. if opts.key?(:score) score = opts[:score].to_f want = verdict_for_score(score: score).to_s = ( - %w[solved partial wrong unknown]) << want details = details.sub( /\A(solved|partial|wrong|unknown)\(\d+(?:\.\d+)?\)/i, "#{want}(#{format('%.2f', score)})" ) success = (score >= 0.6) if [true, false].include?(success) end entry = { id: Digest::SHA256.hexdigest("#{task}-#{Time.now.to_f}")[0, 12], task: task, success: success, details: details, session_id: opts[:session_id], tags: , timestamp: Time.now.utc.iso8601 } entry[:score] = opts[:score].to_f if opts.key?(:score) src = opts[:judge_source].to_s entry[:judge_source] = src unless src.empty? FileUtils.mkdir_p(File.dirname(LEARNING_FILE)) File.open(LEARNING_FILE, 'a') { |f| f.puts(JSON.generate(entry)) } maybe_prune_outcomes! # M4 — default: outcomes live in learning.jsonl ONLY. # M4.1 — PROCESS SOPs (rubocop/rake/spec after code changes, etc.) # are promoted into PWN::Memory[:lesson] so PromptBuilder recall # survives across sessions. Without this, the agent re-learns # "run rubocop after every patch" every turn (empty memory.json). promote_process_lesson(entry: entry) if defined?(PWN::Memory) entry end |
.outcomes(opts = {}) ⇒ Object
- Supported Method Parameters
rows = PWN::AI::Agent::Learning.outcomes( limit: 'optional - max entries returned newest-first (default 50)', success: 'optional - filter by Boolean outcome', tag: 'optional - filter by tag substring' )
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# File 'lib/pwn/ai/agent/learning.rb', line 150 public_class_method def self.outcomes(opts = {}) limit = opts[:limit] || 50 want_ok = opts.key?(:success) ? !opts[:success].nil? && opts[:success] != false : nil tag = opts[:tag].to_s.downcase return [] unless File.exist?(LEARNING_FILE) rows = File.readlines(LEARNING_FILE).map do |l| JSON.parse(l, symbolize_names: true) rescue StandardError nil end rows.compact! rows.select! { |r| want_ok == true ? r[:success] == true : r[:success] == want_ok } unless want_ok.nil? rows.select! { |r| Array(r[:tags]).any? { |t| t.to_s.downcase.include?(tag) } } unless tag.empty? rows.reverse.first(limit) end |
.prune_outcomes!(opts = {}) ⇒ Object
- Supported Method Parameters
result = PWN::AI::Agent::Learning.prune_outcomes!( dry_run: 'optional - Boolean (default false)', max_rows: 'optional - hard cap (default MAX_OUTCOME_ROWS)', retain_days: 'optional - age floor for low-value drop', recent_days: 'optional - always keep newer than this' )
Keep gold RL rows (success+score>=0.6+session_id), recent window, high-value tags, and near-miss failures. Dedupe by task+success keeping best score. Truncate details. Never sacrifices exemplar pool.
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# File 'lib/pwn/ai/agent/learning.rb', line 1487 public_class_method def self.prune_outcomes!(opts = {}) dry = opts[:dry_run] ? true : false max_rows = (opts[:max_rows] || MAX_OUTCOME_ROWS).to_i retain_days = (opts[:retain_days] || OUTCOME_RETAIN_DAYS).to_f recent_days = (opts[:recent_days] || OUTCOME_RECENT_DAYS).to_f details_max = (opts[:details_max] || OUTCOME_DETAILS_MAX).to_i gold_min = (opts[:gold_min_score] || GOLD_MIN_SCORE).to_f return { kept: 0, removed: 0, skipped: true } unless File.exist?(LEARNING_FILE) before_bytes = File.size(LEARNING_FILE) rows = File.readlines(LEARNING_FILE).map do |l| JSON.parse(l, symbolize_names: true) rescue StandardError nil end.compact now = Time.now.utc age_days = lambda do |r| (now - Time.parse(r[:timestamp].to_s)) / 86_400.0 rescue StandardError 999.0 end protected_row = lambda do |r| = Array(r[:tags]).map(&:to_s) a = age_days.call(r) return true if a <= recent_days return true if r[:success] == true && r.key?(:score) && r[:score].to_f >= gold_min && r[:session_id].to_s != '' return true if r[:success] == true && !r.key?(:score) && r[:session_id].to_s != '' && a <= retain_days return true if .intersect?(HIGH_VALUE_TAGS) return true if r[:success] == false && r.key?(:score) && r[:score].to_f >= 0.5 false end rows.reject! { |r| r[:task].to_s.strip.empty? } best = {} rows.each do |r| key = [r[:task].to_s.strip.downcase.gsub(/\s+/, ' ')[0, 160], r[:success].to_s] prev = best[key] if prev.nil? best[key] = r else ps = prev.key?(:score) ? prev[:score].to_f : -1.0 rs = r.key?(:score) ? r[:score].to_f : -1.0 better = rs > ps || (rs == ps && r[:timestamp].to_s > prev[:timestamp].to_s) better ||= protected_row.call(r) && !protected_row.call(prev) best[key] = r if better end end deduped = best.values removed_dupes = rows.size - deduped.size truncated = 0 deduped.each do |r| d = r[:details].to_s next if d.bytesize <= details_max r[:details] = "#{d[0, details_max]}…[compacted]" truncated += 1 end protected, unprotected = deduped.partition { |r| protected_row.call(r) } kept_unprot = unprotected.reject do |r| a = age_days.call(r) = Array(r[:tags]).map(&:to_s) score = r.key?(:score) ? r[:score].to_f : 1.0 = ( - LOW_VALUE_ONLY_TAGS).empty? && .any? a > retain_days && && score < 0.4 end gold = (protected + kept_unprot).select do |r| r[:success] == true && r[:session_id].to_s != '' && (!r.key?(:score) || r[:score].to_f >= gold_min) end if gold.size < EXEMPLARS_POOL_MIN need = EXEMPLARS_POOL_MIN - gold.size extra = unprotected.select { |r| r[:success] == true && r[:session_id].to_s != '' } .sort_by { |r| r[:timestamp].to_s } .last(need) kept_unprot = (kept_unprot + extra).uniq end fails = (protected + kept_unprot).reject { |r| r[:success] == true } if fails.size < FAILURE_WINDOW_MIN need = FAILURE_WINDOW_MIN - fails.size extra = unprotected.reject { |r| r[:success] == true } .sort_by { |r| r[:timestamp].to_s } .last(need) kept_unprot = (kept_unprot + extra).uniq end kept = (protected + kept_unprot).uniq if kept.size > max_rows prot_ids = protected.map { |r| r[:id] }.compact over = kept.size - max_rows victims = kept.reject { |r| prot_ids.include?(r[:id]) } .sort_by { |r| r[:timestamp].to_s } .first(over) v_ids = victims.map { |r| r[:id] } kept = kept.reject { |r| v_ids.include?(r[:id]) } end kept = kept.sort_by { |r| r[:timestamp].to_s } atomic_jsonl_write(path: LEARNING_FILE, rows: kept) unless dry { kept: kept.size, removed: (rows.size - kept.size) + removed_dupes, deduped: removed_dupes, truncated_details: truncated, protected: protected.size, bytes_before: before_bytes, bytes_after: if dry before_bytes else (File.exist?(LEARNING_FILE) ? File.size(LEARNING_FILE) : 0) end, dry_run: dry } end |
.purge_noise ⇒ Object
- Supported Method Parameters
PWN::AI::Agent::Learning.purge_noise
One-shot GC of the pre-R1 garbage: drops every PWN::Memory entry
matching the old SUCCESS: <req> — <final> / Avoid repeating failure pattern from <tool>: {"success":true shapes. Run once
after upgrading; subsequent writes never produce these.
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# File 'lib/pwn/ai/agent/learning.rb', line 1731 public_class_method def self.purge_noise return { removed: 0 } unless defined?(PWN::Memory) mem = nil load_err = nil begin mem = PWN::Memory.load rescue StandardError => e load_err = e end if load_err warn "[pwn-ai/learning] purge_noise aborted (memory load failed): #{load_err.class}: #{load_err.}" return { removed: 0, aborted: true, error: "#{load_err.class}: #{load_err.}" } end before = mem.size mem.reject! do |_k, v| next false unless v[:category].to_s == 'lesson' val = v[:value].to_s val.start_with?('SUCCESS: ', 'FAILURE: ') || val.match?(/\AAvoid repeating failure pattern from \w+: .{0,5}\{"success":true/) end PWN::Memory.save(mem: mem, force: mem.empty?) { removed: before - mem.size, remaining: mem.size } end |
.reconcile_verdict_tags!(opts = {}) ⇒ Object
One-shot / on-load repair: rewrite tags+details where verdict label disagrees with score (solved @ 0.3 etc.). Safe to call repeatedly.
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# File 'lib/pwn/ai/agent/learning.rb', line 1058 public_class_method def self.(opts = {}) return { repaired: 0 } unless File.exist?(LEARNING_FILE) dry = opts[:dry_run] ? true : false repaired = 0 lines = File.readlines(LEARNING_FILE) out = lines.map do |l| r = JSON.parse(l, symbolize_names: true) score = r.key?(:score) ? r[:score].to_f : nil next l if score.nil? want = verdict_for_score(score: score).to_s = Array(r[:tags]).map(&:to_s) stale = & %w[solved partial wrong unknown] next l if stale.empty? || stale.include?(want) repaired += 1 next l if dry cleaned = - %w[solved partial wrong unknown] cleaned << want r[:tags] = cleaned # Fix leading "solved(0.3)" style details head when present det = r[:details].to_s r[:details] = det.sub( /\A(solved|partial|wrong|unknown)\(\d+(?:\.\d+)?\)/i, "#{want}(#{format('%.2f', score)})" ) r[:success] = (score >= 0.6) if [true, false].include?(r[:success]) "#{JSON.generate(r)}\n" rescue StandardError l end File.write(LEARNING_FILE, out.join) if !dry && repaired.positive? { repaired: repaired, dry_run: dry } rescue StandardError => e { repaired: 0, error: "#{e.class}: #{e.}" } end |
.reflect(opts = {}) ⇒ Object
- Supported Method Parameters
report = PWN::AI::Agent::Learning.reflect( session_id: 'required - PWN::Sessions id to analyse', dry_run: 'optional - when true, do not write to Memory/Skills (default false)' )
Uses PWN::AI::Agent::Reflect (when available) to LLM-summarise the session into structured lessons. Falls back to a heuristic extractor when module_reflection is disabled so learning never stops.
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# File 'lib/pwn/ai/agent/learning.rb', line 480 public_class_method def self.reflect(opts = {}) session_id = opts[:session_id] dry_run = opts[:dry_run] ? true : false raise 'ERROR: session_id is required' if session_id.to_s.empty? transcript = PWN::Sessions.load(session_id: session_id) return { session_id: session_id, lessons: [], reason: 'empty transcript' } if transcript.empty? lessons = introspective_lessons(transcript: transcript) source, conf = lessons.empty? ? [:heuristic, 0.3] : [:reflect, 0.8] lessons = heuristic_lessons(transcript: transcript) if lessons.empty? saved = [] lessons.each do |l| next if l.to_s.strip.empty? key = :"reflect_#{session_id}_#{Digest::SHA256.hexdigest(l)[0, 8]}" # M3 — provenance + confidence + ttl so consolidate evicts # low-confidence heuristic lessons before hand-written ones. PWN::Memory.remember(key: key, value: l, category: :lesson, source: source, confidence: conf, importance: conf, ttl: source == :heuristic ? 7 * 86_400 : nil) unless dry_run saved << { key: key, lesson: l } end consolidate unless dry_run { session_id: session_id, lessons: saved, count: saved.length, dry_run: dry_run } end |
.reset ⇒ Object
- Supported Method Parameters
PWN::AI::Agent::Learning.reset
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# File 'lib/pwn/ai/agent/learning.rb', line 850 public_class_method def self.reset FileUtils.rm_f(LEARNING_FILE) { cleared: true } end |
.stats ⇒ Object
- Supported Method Parameters
stats = PWN::AI::Agent::Learning.stats
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# File 'lib/pwn/ai/agent/learning.rb', line 170 public_class_method def self.stats rows = outcomes(limit: 10_000) total = rows.length ok = rows.count { |r| r[:success] == true } skills = defined?(PWN::Skills) && PWN::Skills.is_a?(Hash) ? PWN::Skills.keys.length : 0 mem = defined?(PWN::Memory) ? PWN::Memory.load.keys.length : 0 raw = total.positive? ? (ok.to_f / total).round(3) : 0.0 jmean = total.positive? ? weighted_judge_mean(rows: rows) : nil distrust = 0.0 distrust = Reward.proxy_distrust.to_f.clamp(0.0, 1.0) if defined?(Reward) && Reward.respond_to?(:proxy_distrust) { total_outcomes: total, successes: ok, failures: total - ok, success_rate: raw, adjusted_success_rate: discount_success_rate(proxy: raw, judge: jmean, distrust: distrust), proxy_distrust: distrust, skills_known: skills, memory_entries: mem, judge_mean: jmean, reward_sentinel: (Reward.sentinel if defined?(Reward)), calibration: (Metrics.calibration if defined?(Metrics) && Metrics.respond_to?(:calibration)), preference_pairs: (Reward.preferences(limit: 100_000).length if defined?(Reward)), tool_metrics: (Metrics.summary(limit: 5) if defined?(Metrics)), extrospection: (Extrospection.stats if defined?(Extrospection)) } end |
.to_context(opts = {}) ⇒ Object
- Supported Method Parameters
ctx = PWN::AI::Agent::Learning.to_context( limit: 'optional - number of recent outcomes to surface (default 5)' )
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# File 'lib/pwn/ai/agent/learning.rb', line 203 public_class_method def self.to_context(opts = {}) limit = opts[:limit] || 5 # Fetch a wider window so prefer_primary_tasks can drop critic/red_team # envelope rows (REQUEST:/GOAL: prefixes) without starving the block. rows = prefer_primary_tasks(rows: outcomes(limit: limit * 4)).first(limit) fails = prefer_primary_tasks(rows: outcomes(limit: 200, success: false)) # Do not mirror the same ids under both headings — that doubled the # failure signal and made RECENT OUTCOMES == RECENT FAILURES when the # last N attempts all failed (the injected block looked "stuck"). row_ids = rows.map { |r| r[:id] }.compact fails = fails.reject { |r| row_ids.include?(r[:id]) }.first(limit) return '' if rows.empty? && fails.empty? fmt = lambda do |r| flag = case r[:success] when true then '✓' when 'soft', :soft then '∼' else '✗' end score = r.key?(:score) ? format('%.2f', r[:score].to_f) : '-' task = display_task(task: r[:task]) line = " #{flag} [#{score}] #{task} (#{r[:timestamp]})" # Surface a one-line cause crumb so the agent can actually learn # from failures instead of only seeing that they failed. if r[:success] != true crumb = cause_crumb(details: r[:details]) line += "\n cause: #{crumb}" unless crumb.empty? end line end s = stats jm = s[:judge_mean] d = s[:proxy_distrust].to_f rate = d > 0.05 ? s[:adjusted_success_rate] : s[:success_rate] tag = d > 0.05 ? ' adj' : '' hdr = "RECENT OUTCOMES (success_rate=#{(rate.to_f * 100).round(1)}%#{tag}#{" judge_mean=#{jm}" if jm} over #{s[:total_outcomes]} attempts)" out = "#{hdr}\n#{rows.map(&fmt).join("\n")}\n" out += "RECENT FAILURES (learn from these — do not repeat)\n#{fails.map(&fmt).join("\n")}\n" unless fails.empty? "#{out}\n" end |
.update_skill(opts = {}) ⇒ Object
Fold RL artefacts (mistakes / structured_fix / an explicit lesson) into an existing skill. Does not create skills (use distill_skill / skill_create). Does not write loop-law. Dedupes by mistake signature.
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# File 'lib/pwn/ai/agent/learning.rb', line 414 public_class_method def self.update_skill(opts = {}) dry = opts[:dry_run] ? true : false lesson = opts[:lesson].to_s.strip notes = rl_skill_notes( signature: opts[:signature], request: opts[:request] || opts[:query], lesson: lesson ) return { updated: false, reason: 'no rl notes' } if notes.empty? target = locate_skill_for_update( name: opts[:name], query: opts[:query] || opts[:request] || notes.map { |n| n[:text] }.join(' ') ) return { updated: false, reason: 'no matching skill', notes: notes } unless target body = skill_body_without_frontmatter(meta: target[:meta]) added = [] notes.each do |note| next if body.include?(note[:id]) added << note end return { updated: false, name: target[:name], reason: 'already folded', notes: notes } if added.empty? block = added.map { |n| "- [#{n[:id]}] #{n[:text]}" }.join("\n") body = if body.match?(/^\#{1,3}\s*RL feedback\s*$/i) "#{body.rstrip}\n#{block}\n" else "#{body.rstrip}\n\n## RL feedback\n#{block}\n" end return { updated: false, dry_run: true, name: target[:name], added: added.map { |n| n[:text] } } if dry root = skills_dir out = PWN::Config.write_skill( name: target[:name], description: target[:meta][:description], content: body, references: target[:meta][:references], license: (target[:meta][:frontmatter] || {})['license'], allowed_tools: target[:meta][:allowed_tools], metadata: (target[:meta][:frontmatter] || {})['metadata'], pwn_skills_path: root ) PWN::Config.load_skills(pwn_skills_path: root) if PWN::Config.respond_to?(:load_skills) note_outcome( task: "skills_update:#{target[:name]}", success: true, details: "Folded #{added.length} RL note(s)", tags: %w[skill rl] ) out.merge(updated: true, added: added.map { |n| n[:id] }) rescue StandardError => e { updated: false, error: "#{e.class}: #{e.}" } end |