Class: Pgtk::Pool

Inherits:
Object
  • Object
show all
Defined in:
lib/pgtk/pool.rb

Overview

Pool provides a connection pool for PostgreSQL database connections. It manages a fixed number of connections to optimize performance and resource usage while providing a simple interface for database operations.

The Pool class handles connection lifecycle, reconnects on errors, and provides transaction support. It’s the core class for interacting with a PostgreSQL database in this library.

Basic usage:

# Create a wire that knows how to connect to PostgreSQL
wire = Pgtk::Wire::Direct.new(
  host: 'localhost',
  port: 5432,
  dbname: 'mydatabase',
  user: 'postgres',
  password: 'secret'
)

# Create and start a connection pool with 4 connections
pool = Pgtk::Pool.new(wire, max: 4)
pool.start!

# Execute a simple query
pool.exec('SELECT * FROM users')

# Execute a parameterized query
pool.exec('SELECT * FROM users WHERE email = $1', ['user@example.com'])

# Use transactions for multiple operations
pool.transaction do |t|
  t.exec('UPDATE accounts SET balance = balance - $1 WHERE id = $2', [100, 42])
  t.exec('UPDATE accounts SET balance = balance + $1 WHERE id = $2', [100, 43])
end
Author

Yegor Bugayenko (yegor256@gmail.com)

Copyright

Copyright © 2019-2026 Yegor Bugayenko

License

MIT

Defined Under Namespace

Classes: Busy, IterableQueue, Txn

Instance Method Summary collapse

Constructor Details

#initialize(wire, max: 8, timeout: 1, idle: 60, log: Loog::NULL) ⇒ Pool

Constructor.

The idle option guards against the cold-slot SSL desync that bites managed PostgreSQL behind a TLS proxy: a slot sits idle long enough for the proxy and the client to disagree about SSL state, libpq still reports CONNECTION_OK, and the next real query blows up with a decryption error. When a slot has been idle longer than idle seconds, the pool runs SELECT 1 on it before yielding; if that fails, the slot is renewed in-line and the caller never sees the error. Set to nil to skip validation entirely (e.g. for local Unix-socket PostgreSQL).

Parameters:

  • wire (Pgtk::Wire) —

    The wire

  • max (Integer) (defaults to: 8) —

    Total amount of PostgreSQL connections in the pool

  • timeout (Numeric) (defaults to: 1) —

    Max seconds to wait for a free connection

  • idle (Numeric, nil) (defaults to: 60) —

    Seconds of idleness after which to validate a connection on checkout, or nil to disable validation

  • log (Object) (defaults to: Loog::NULL) —

    The log



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# File 'lib/pgtk/pool.rb', line 75

def initialize(wire, max: 8, timeout: 1, idle: 60, log: Loog::NULL)
  @wire = wire
  @max = max
  @idle = idle
  @log = log
  @pool = IterableQueue.new(max, timeout)
  @started = false
end

Instance Method Details

#dump ⇒ String

Get as much details about it as possible.

Returns:

  • (String) —

    Summary of inner state



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# File 'lib/pgtk/pool.rb', line 94

def dump
  [
    'Pgtk::Pool',
    "  Pgtk version: #{Pgtk::VERSION}",
    "  PgSQL version: #{version}",
    "  #{@pool.size} connections:",
    @pool.map { |conn| info(conn) }
  ].flatten.join("\n")
end

#exec(query, args = [], result = 0) {|Hash| ... } ⇒ Object

Make a query and return the result as an array of hashes. For example, in order to fetch the list of all books belonging to the user:

books = pool.exec('SELECT * FROM book WHERE owner = $1', ['yegor256'])
books.each do |row|
  puts 'ID: ' + row['id'].to_i
  puts 'Created: ' + Time.parse(row['created'])
  puts 'Title: ' + row['title']
end

All values in the retrieved hash are strings. No matter what types of data you have in the database, you get strings here. It’s your job to convert them to the type you need.

In order to insert a new row (pay attention to the RETURNING clause at the end of the SQL query):

id = pool.exec(
  'INSERT INTO book (owner, title) VALUES ($1, $2) RETURNING id',
  ['yegor256', 'Elegant Objects']
)[0]['id'].to_i

You can also pass a block to this method, if you want to get an instance of PG::Result instead of an array of hashes:

pool.exec('SELECT * FROM book WHERE owner = $1', ['yegor256']) do |res|
  res.each do |row|
    puts 'ID: ' + row['id'].to_i
    puts 'Title: ' + row['title']
  end
end

When the query is too long it’s convenient to use an array to specify it:

pool.exec(
  [
    'SELECT * FROM book',
    'LEFT JOIN user ON user.id = book.owner',
    'WHERE user.login = $1 AND book.title = $2'
  ],
  ['yegor256', 'Elegant Objects']
)

More details about exec_params, which is called here, you can find here: www.rubydoc.info/gems/pg/0.17.1/PG%2FConnection:exec_params

Parameters:

  • query (String) —

    The SQL query with params inside (possibly)

  • args (Array) (defaults to: []) —

    List of arguments

  • result (Integer) (defaults to: 0) —

    Should be 0 for text results, 1 for binary

Yields:

  • (Hash) —

    Rows



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# File 'lib/pgtk/pool.rb', line 177

def exec(query, args = [], result = 0, &block)
  connect do |c|
    t = Txn.new(c, @log)
    if block_given?
      t.exec(query, args, result, &block)
    else
      t.exec(query, args, result)
    end
  end
end

#start! ⇒ Object

Start it with a fixed number of connections. The amount of connections is specified in max argument and should be big enough to handle the amount of parallel connections you may have to the database. However, keep in mind that not all servers will allow you to have many connections open at the same time. For example, Heroku free PostgreSQL database allows only one connection open.



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# File 'lib/pgtk/pool.rb', line 110

def start!
  return if @started
  @max.times do
    @pool.push(@wire.connection)
  end
  (2 * @max).times do
    connect { |c| c.exec('SELECT 1') }
  rescue StandardError => e
    @log.warn("Pool warm-up query failed, slot will be retried: #{e.message.strip}")
  end
  @max.times do
    connect { |c| c.exec('SELECT 1') }
  end
  @started = true
  @log.debug("PostgreSQL pool started with #{@max} connections")
end

#transaction ⇒ Object

Run a transaction. The block has to be provided. It will receive a temporary object, which implements method exec, which works exactly like the method exec of class Pool, for example:

pgsql.transaction do |t|
  t.exec('DELETE FROM user WHERE id = $1', [id])
  t.exec('INSERT INTO user (name) VALUES ($1)', [name])
end



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# File 'lib/pgtk/pool.rb', line 196

def transaction
  connect do |c|
    t = Txn.new(c, @log)
    t.exec('START TRANSACTION')
    begin
      r = yield(t)
      t.exec('COMMIT')
      r
    ensure
      if c.transaction_status != PG::Constants::PQTRANS_IDLE
        begin
          t.exec('ROLLBACK')
        rescue StandardError => e
          @log.warn("Failed to rollback transaction: #{e.message}")
        end
      end
    end
  end
end

#version ⇒ String

Get the version of PostgreSQL server.

Returns:

  • (String) —

    Version of PostgreSQL server



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# File 'lib/pgtk/pool.rb', line 87

def version
  @version ||= exec('SHOW server_version')[0]['server_version'].split[0]
end