Class: Parse::Client

Inherits:
Object
  • Object
show all
Includes:
API::Aggregate, API::Analytics, API::Batch, API::CloudFunctions, API::Config, API::Files, API::Hooks, API::Objects, API::Push, API::Schema, API::Server, API::Sessions, API::Users
Defined in:
lib/parse/client.rb

Overview

This class is the core and low level API for the Parse SDK REST interface that is used by the other components. It can manage multiple sessions, which means you can have multiple client instances pointing to different Parse Applications at the same time. It handles sending raw requests as well as providing Request/Response objects for all API handlers. The connection engine is Faraday, which means it is open to add any additional middleware for features you'd like to implement.

Defined Under Namespace

Modules: Connectable Classes: DuplicateValueError, ResponseError

Constant Summary collapse

USER_AGENT_HEADER =

The user agent header key.

"User-Agent".freeze
USER_AGENT_VERSION =

The value for the User-Agent header.

"Parse-Stack v#{Parse::Stack::VERSION}".freeze
DEFAULT_RETRIES =

The default retry count

2
RETRY_DELAY =

The wait time in seconds between retries

1.5
LIVE_QUERY_LOOPBACK_HOSTS =

Hosts considered "loopback" for the cleartext-ws:// guard in #configure_live_query. Mirrors LiveQuery::Client::LOOPBACK_HOSTS so the explicit-URL path and the derived-URL path agree on what counts as local.

%w[localhost 127.0.0.1 ::1 [::1] 0.0.0.0].freeze

Constants included from API::Server

API::Server::DEPRECATED_SERVER_VERSION_BELOW

Constants included from API::Hooks

API::Hooks::TRIGGER_NAMES

Class Attribute Summary collapse

Instance Attribute Summary collapse

Attributes included from API::Server

#server_info

Attributes included from API::Config

#config, #master_key_only

Class Method Summary collapse

Instance Method Summary collapse

Methods included from API::Users

#create_user, #current_user, #delete_user, #fetch_user, #find_users, #login, #login_with_mfa, #logout, #request_password_reset, #set_service_auth_data, #signup, #update_user

Methods included from API::Sessions

#fetch_session

Methods included from API::Server

#server_health, #server_info!, #server_version

Methods included from API::Schema

#create_schema, #schema, #schemas, #update_schema

Methods included from API::Push

#push

Methods included from API::Objects

#create_object, #delete_object, #fetch_object, #find_objects, #update_object, #uri_path

Methods included from API::Hooks

#create_function, #create_trigger, #delete_function, #delete_trigger, #fetch_function, #fetch_trigger, #functions, #triggers, #update_function, #update_trigger

Methods included from API::Files

#create_file

Methods included from API::Config

#config!, #config_entries, #update_config

Methods included from API::CloudFunctions

#call_function, #call_function_with_session, #trigger_job, #trigger_job_with_session

Methods included from API::Batch

#batch_request

Methods included from API::Aggregate

#aggregate_objects, #aggregate_pipeline, #aggregate_uri_path

Methods included from API::Analytics

#send_analytics

Constructor Details

#initialize(opts = {}) ⇒ Client

Create a new client connected to the Parse Server REST API endpoint.

Parameters:

  • opts (Hash) (defaults to: {}) —

    a set of connection options to configure the client.

Options Hash (opts):

  • :server_url (String) —

    The server url of your Parse Server if you are not using the hosted Parse service. By default it will use ENV["PARSE_SERVER_URL"] if available, otherwise fallback to Protocol::SERVER_URL.

  • :app_id (String) —

    The Parse application id. Defaults to ENV['PARSE_SERVER_APPLICATION_ID'].

  • :api_key (String) —

    Your Parse REST API Key. Defaults to ENV['PARSE_SERVER_REST_API_KEY'].

  • :master_key (String) —

    The Parse application master key (optional). If this key is set, it will be sent on every request sent by the client and your models. Defaults to ENV['PARSE_SERVER_MASTER_KEY'].

  • :logging (Boolean, Symbol) —

    Controls request/response logging.

    • true - Enable logging at :info level
    • :debug - Enable verbose logging with headers and body content
    • :warn - Only log errors and warnings
    • false or nil - Disable logging (default) This configures both the new Middleware::Logging middleware and the legacy Middleware::BodyBuilder logging.
  • :logger (Logger) —

    A custom logger instance for request/response logging. Defaults to Logger.new(STDOUT) if not specified.

  • :adapter (Object) —

    The connection adapter. By default it uses :net_http_persistent for connection pooling. Set connection_pooling: false to use the standard Faraday.default_adapter (Net/HTTP) instead.

  • :connection_pooling (Boolean, Hash) —

    Controls HTTP connection pooling. Defaults to true, using the :net_http_persistent adapter for improved performance through connection reuse. Set to false to disable pooling and create a new connection for each request. This option is ignored if :adapter is explicitly specified. Pass a Hash to enable pooling with custom configuration:

    • :pool_size [Integer] - Number of connections per thread (default: 1)
    • :idle_timeout [Integer] - Seconds before closing idle connections (default: 5)
    • :keep_alive [Integer] - HTTP Keep-Alive timeout in seconds @example Custom connection pooling Parse.setup( connection_pooling: { pool_size: 5, idle_timeout: 60, keep_alive: 60 } )
  • :cache (Moneta::Transformer, Moneta::Expires, Parse::Cache::Redis, String) —

    A caching adapter of type Moneta::Transformer or Moneta::Expires that will be used by the caching middleware Middleware::Caching. You can also pass a redis:// URL string (an internal Moneta-Redis store will be built for you) or a Parse::Cache::Redis wrapper, which adds a connection pool and automatic namespace forwarding. Caching queries and object fetches can help improve the performance of your application, even if it is for a few seconds. Only successful GET object fetches and non-empty result queries will be cached by default. You may set the default expiration time with the expires option. At any point in time you may clear the cache by calling the #clear_cache! method on the client connection. See Moneta.

  • :expires (Integer) —

    Sets the default cache expiration time (in seconds) for successful non-empty GET requests when using the caching middleware. The default value is 3 seconds. If :expires is set to 0, caching will be disabled. You can always clear the current state of the cache using the clear_cache! method on your Parse::Client instance.

  • :cache_namespace (String) —

    Optional prefix applied to every cache key. Useful when two Parse apps share one Redis instance and would otherwise collide on identical paths (e.g. mk:/classes/Song/abc). Keys become <namespace>:<existing-prefix>:<url>, so a SCAN <namespace>:* evicts a whole app cleanly. Defaults to no namespace for backward compatibility — explicit only, never auto-derived from app_id.

  • :faraday (Hash) —

    You may pass a hash of options that will be passed to the Faraday constructor.

  • :live_query_url (String) —

    The WebSocket URL for Parse LiveQuery server (e.g., "wss://your-parse-server.com"). If not specified, falls back to ENV["PARSE_LIVE_QUERY_URL"]. LiveQuery enables real-time subscriptions to changes in Parse objects. @example Enable LiveQuery Parse.setup( server_url: "https://your-server.com/parse", application_id: "YOUR_APP_ID", api_key: "YOUR_API_KEY", live_query_url: "wss://your-server.com" )

  • :live_query (Hash) —

    Advanced LiveQuery configuration options. Pass a hash with custom settings for the LiveQuery client.

    • :url [String] - WebSocket URL (alternative to :live_query_url)
    • :auto_reconnect [Boolean] - Auto-reconnect on disconnect (default: true)

Raises:

  • Parse::Error::ConnectionError if the client was not properly configured with required keys or url.

  • ArgumentError if the cache instance passed to the :cache option is not of Moneta::Transformer or Moneta::Expires

See Also:



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# File 'lib/parse/client.rb', line 491

def initialize(opts = {})
  @server_url = opts[:server_url] || ENV["PARSE_SERVER_URL"] || Parse::Protocol::SERVER_URL
  @application_id = opts[:application_id] || opts[:app_id] || ENV["PARSE_SERVER_APPLICATION_ID"] || ENV["PARSE_APP_ID"]
  @api_key = opts[:api_key] || opts[:rest_api_key] || ENV["PARSE_SERVER_REST_API_KEY"] || ENV["PARSE_API_KEY"]
  @master_key = opts[:master_key] || ENV["PARSE_SERVER_MASTER_KEY"] || ENV["PARSE_MASTER_KEY"]

  @require_https = opts.fetch(:require_https, ENV["PARSE_REQUIRE_HTTPS"] == "true")
  @allow_faraday_proxy = opts.fetch(:allow_faraday_proxy, false)

  # Security check for HTTP usage (except localhost/127.0.0.1 for development)
  if @server_url&.start_with?("http://") && !@server_url.match?(%r{^http://(localhost|127\.0\.0\.1)(:|/)})
    if @require_https
      raise ArgumentError, "[Parse::Client] HTTPS required but server URL uses HTTP: #{@server_url}. " \
                           "Set require_https: false or use an HTTPS URL."
    else
      warn "[Parse::Client] SECURITY WARNING: Using HTTP instead of HTTPS for Parse server. " \
           "This exposes credentials and data to network interception. " \
           "Use HTTPS in production: #{@server_url}"
    end
  end

  # Determine the HTTP adapter to use
  # Priority: explicit :adapter > :connection_pooling setting > default (pooling enabled)
  # Falls back to default adapter if net_http_persistent is not available
  if opts[:adapter]
    # User explicitly specified an adapter, use it directly
    adapter = opts[:adapter]
    adapter_options = {}
  elsif opts[:connection_pooling] == false
    # User explicitly disabled connection pooling
    adapter = Faraday.default_adapter
    adapter_options = {}
  elsif opts[:connection_pooling].is_a?(Hash)
    # User provided connection pooling with custom options
    if NET_HTTP_PERSISTENT_AVAILABLE
      adapter = :net_http_persistent
      adapter_options = opts[:connection_pooling]
    else
      adapter = Faraday.default_adapter
      adapter_options = {}
    end
  else
    # Default: use persistent connections for better performance (if available)
    if NET_HTTP_PERSISTENT_AVAILABLE
      adapter = :net_http_persistent
      adapter_options = {}
    else
      adapter = Faraday.default_adapter
      adapter_options = {}
    end
  end

  opts[:expires] ||= 3
  if @server_url.nil? || @application_id.nil? || (@api_key.nil? && @master_key.nil?)
    raise Parse::Error::ConnectionError, "Please call Parse.setup(server_url:, application_id:, api_key:) to setup a client"
  end
  @server_url += "/" unless @server_url.ends_with?("/")

  # Resolve timeouts. Defaults guard the calling thread against an
  # unresponsive Parse Server (slowloris, hung dyno) which would
  # otherwise tie up Puma/Sidekiq workers indefinitely.
  open_timeout = opts.fetch(:open_timeout, (ENV["PARSE_OPEN_TIMEOUT"] || 5).to_i)
  read_timeout = opts.fetch(:timeout, (ENV["PARSE_TIMEOUT"] || 30).to_i)

  #Configure Faraday
  opts[:faraday] ||= {}
  # Guard against silent TLS downgrade or attacker-controlled proxy via
  # opts[:faraday]. The require_https check earlier only inspects the URL
  # scheme; without this guard a caller passing
  #   faraday: { ssl: { verify: false }, proxy: "http://attacker" }
  # would neuter TLS verification on an HTTPS connection.
  validate_faraday_opts!(opts[:faraday])
  opts[:faraday].merge!(:url => @server_url)
  @conn = Faraday.new(opts[:faraday]) do |conn|
    # Apply timeouts before any user-supplied middleware sees a request.
    conn.options.timeout = read_timeout if read_timeout > 0
    conn.options.open_timeout = open_timeout if open_timeout > 0
    #conn.request :json

    # Configure logging if enabled
    if opts[:logging].present?
      # Configure the new structured logging middleware
      Parse::Middleware::Logging.enabled = true
      Parse::Middleware::Logging.logger = opts[:logger] if opts[:logger]
      case opts[:logging]
      when :debug
        Parse::Middleware::Logging.log_level = :debug
        Parse::Middleware::BodyBuilder.logging = true
      when :warn
        Parse::Middleware::Logging.log_level = :warn
      else
        Parse::Middleware::Logging.log_level = :info
      end
    end

    # This middleware handles sending the proper authentication headers to Parse
    # on each request.

    # this is the required authentication middleware. Should be the first thing
    # so that other middlewares have access to the env that is being set by
    # this middleware. First added is first to brocess.
    conn.use Parse::Middleware::Authentication,
             application_id: @application_id,
             master_key: @master_key,
             api_key: @api_key
    # Request/response logging middleware (configured via Parse.logging_enabled)
    conn.use Parse::Middleware::Logging

    # Performance profiling middleware (configured via Parse.profiling_enabled)
    conn.use Parse::Middleware::Profiling

    # This middleware turns the result from Parse into a Parse::Response object
    # and making sure request that are going out, follow the proper MIME format.
    # We place it after the Authentication middleware in case we need to use then
    # authentication information when building request and responses.
    conn.use Parse::Middleware::BodyBuilder

    if opts[:cache].present?
      if opts[:expires].to_i <= 0
        warn "[Parse::Client] Cache store provided but :expires is not set or is 0. " \
             "Caching will be disabled. Set :expires to enable caching (e.g., expires: 10)."
      else
        # advanced: provide a REDIS url, we'll configure a Moneta Redis store.
        if opts[:cache].is_a?(String) && opts[:cache].starts_with?("redis://")
          begin
            opts[:cache] = Moneta.new(:Redis, url: opts[:cache])
          rescue LoadError
            puts "[Parse::Middleware::Caching] Did you forget to load the redis gem (Gemfile)?"
            raise
          end
        end

        unless [:key?, :[], :delete, :store].all? { |method| opts[:cache].respond_to?(method) }
          raise ArgumentError, "Parse::Client option :cache needs to be a type of Moneta store"
        end

        # If the caller passed a `Parse::Cache::Redis` wrapper, let its
        # built-in namespace flow through automatically. An explicit
        # `cache_namespace:` still wins so callers can override.
        if defined?(Parse::Cache::Redis) && opts[:cache].is_a?(Parse::Cache::Redis)
          opts[:cache_namespace] ||= opts[:cache].namespace
        end

        self.cache = opts[:cache]
        conn.use Parse::Middleware::Caching, self.cache, {
          expires: opts[:expires].to_i,
          # Optional `cache_namespace:` prefixes every key so two Parse
          # apps sharing one Redis don't collide on `mk:/classes/Song/abc`.
          # Explicit only — we do NOT auto-derive from app_id to keep
          # existing single-app deployments backward-compatible.
          namespace: opts[:cache_namespace],
        }

        # Inform about opt-in cache behavior
        unless Parse.default_query_cache
          warn "[Parse::Client] Caching middleware enabled (expires: #{opts[:expires]}s). " \
               "Queries do NOT use cache by default. Use `cache: true` on queries to opt-in, " \
               "or set `Parse.default_query_cache = true` for opt-out behavior."
        end
      end
    end

    yield(conn) if block_given?

    # Configure the adapter with optional settings
    # For net_http_persistent:
    # - pool_size must be passed as an adapter argument (constructor param, no setter)
    # - idle_timeout and keep_alive have setters and are configured in the block
    if adapter_options.any?
      # Extract constructor arguments for the adapter
      adapter_args = {}
      adapter_args[:pool_size] = adapter_options[:pool_size] if adapter_options[:pool_size]

      conn.adapter adapter, **adapter_args do |http|
        http.idle_timeout = adapter_options[:idle_timeout] if adapter_options[:idle_timeout]
        http.keep_alive = adapter_options[:keep_alive] if adapter_options[:keep_alive]
      end
    else
      conn.adapter adapter
    end
  end
  # Faraday's constructor may still synthesise a ProxyOptions from
  # HTTPS_PROXY/HTTP_PROXY env vars regardless of the `proxy: nil`
  # we pass in opts. Clear the proxy on the connection itself to be
  # sure no env-derived MITM survives.
  @conn.proxy = nil if !@allow_faraday_proxy && @conn.respond_to?(:proxy=)
  Parse::Client.clients[:default] ||= self

  # Configure LiveQuery if URL provided
  configure_live_query(opts)
end

Class Attribute Details

.clients ⇒ Object (readonly)

Returns the value of attribute clients.



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# File 'lib/parse/client.rb', line 343

def clients
  @clients
end

Instance Attribute Details

#api_key ⇒ String (readonly)

The Parse API key to be sent in every API request.

Returns:



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# File 'lib/parse/client.rb', line 331

attr_accessor :cache

#application_id ⇒ String (readonly) Also known as: app_id

The Parse application identifier to be sent in every API request.

Returns:



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# File 'lib/parse/client.rb', line 331

attr_accessor :cache

#cache ⇒ Moneta::Transformer, Moneta::Expires

The underlying cache store for caching API requests.

Returns:

  • (Moneta::Transformer, Moneta::Expires)

See Also:



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# File 'lib/parse/client.rb', line 331

def cache
  @cache
end

#master_key ⇒ String (readonly)

The Parse master key for this application, which when set, will be sent in every API request. (There is a way to prevent this on a per request basis.)

Returns:



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# File 'lib/parse/client.rb', line 331

attr_accessor :cache

#retry_limit ⇒ Integer

If set, returns the current retry count for this instance. Otherwise, returns DEFAULT_RETRIES. Set to 0 to disable retry mechanism.

Returns:

  • (Integer) —

    the current retry count for this client.



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# File 'lib/parse/client.rb', line 331

attr_accessor :cache

#server_url ⇒ String (readonly)

The Parse server url that will be receiving these API requests. By default this will be Protocol::SERVER_URL.

Returns:



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# File 'lib/parse/client.rb', line 331

attr_accessor :cache

Class Method Details

.client(conn = :default) ⇒ Parse::Client

Returns or create a new Parse::Client connection for the given connection name.

Parameters:

  • conn (Symbol) (defaults to: :default) —

    the name of the connection.

Returns:



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# File 'lib/parse/client.rb', line 355

def client(conn = :default)
  @clients[conn] ||= self.new
end

.client?(conn = :default) ⇒ Boolean

Returns true if a Parse::Client has been configured.

Parameters:

  • conn (Symbol) (defaults to: :default) —

    the name of the connection.

Returns:

  • (Boolean) —

    true if a Parse::Client has been configured.



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# File 'lib/parse/client.rb', line 347

def client?(conn = :default)
  @clients[conn].present?
end

.setup(opts = {}) { ... } ⇒ Client

Setup the a new client with the appropriate Parse app keys, middleware and options.

Examples:

Parse.setup app_id: "YOUR_APP_ID",
            api_key: "YOUR_REST_API_KEY",
            master_key: "YOUR_MASTER_KEY", # optional
            server_url: 'https://localhost:1337/parse' #default

Parameters:

  • opts (Hash) (defaults to: {}) —

    a set of connection options to configure the client.

Options Hash (opts):

  • :server_url (String) —

    The server url of your Parse Server if you are not using the hosted Parse service. By default it will use ENV["PARSE_SERVER_URL"] if available, otherwise fallback to Protocol::SERVER_URL.

  • :app_id (String) —

    The Parse application id. Defaults to ENV['PARSE_SERVER_APPLICATION_ID'].

  • :api_key (String) —

    Your Parse REST API Key. Defaults to ENV['PARSE_SERVER_REST_API_KEY'].

  • :master_key (String) —

    The Parse application master key (optional). If this key is set, it will be sent on every request sent by the client and your models. Defaults to ENV['PARSE_SERVER_MASTER_KEY'].

  • :logging (Boolean, Symbol) —

    Controls request/response logging.

    • true - Enable logging at :info level
    • :debug - Enable verbose logging with headers and body content
    • :warn - Only log errors and warnings
    • false or nil - Disable logging (default) This configures both the new Middleware::Logging middleware and the legacy Middleware::BodyBuilder logging.
  • :logger (Logger) —

    A custom logger instance for request/response logging. Defaults to Logger.new(STDOUT) if not specified.

  • :adapter (Object) —

    The connection adapter. By default it uses :net_http_persistent for connection pooling. Set connection_pooling: false to use the standard Faraday.default_adapter (Net/HTTP) instead.

  • :connection_pooling (Boolean, Hash) —

    Controls HTTP connection pooling. Defaults to true, using the :net_http_persistent adapter for improved performance through connection reuse. Set to false to disable pooling and create a new connection for each request. This option is ignored if :adapter is explicitly specified. Pass a Hash to enable pooling with custom configuration:

    • :pool_size [Integer] - Number of connections per thread (default: 1)
    • :idle_timeout [Integer] - Seconds before closing idle connections (default: 5)
    • :keep_alive [Integer] - HTTP Keep-Alive timeout in seconds @example Custom connection pooling Parse.setup( connection_pooling: { pool_size: 5, idle_timeout: 60, keep_alive: 60 } )
  • :cache (Moneta::Transformer, Moneta::Expires, Parse::Cache::Redis, String) —

    A caching adapter of type Moneta::Transformer or Moneta::Expires that will be used by the caching middleware Middleware::Caching. You can also pass a redis:// URL string (an internal Moneta-Redis store will be built for you) or a Parse::Cache::Redis wrapper, which adds a connection pool and automatic namespace forwarding. Caching queries and object fetches can help improve the performance of your application, even if it is for a few seconds. Only successful GET object fetches and non-empty result queries will be cached by default. You may set the default expiration time with the expires option. At any point in time you may clear the cache by calling the #clear_cache! method on the client connection. See Moneta.

  • :expires (Integer) —

    Sets the default cache expiration time (in seconds) for successful non-empty GET requests when using the caching middleware. The default value is 3 seconds. If :expires is set to 0, caching will be disabled. You can always clear the current state of the cache using the clear_cache! method on your Parse::Client instance.

  • :cache_namespace (String) —

    Optional prefix applied to every cache key. Useful when two Parse apps share one Redis instance and would otherwise collide on identical paths (e.g. mk:/classes/Song/abc). Keys become <namespace>:<existing-prefix>:<url>, so a SCAN <namespace>:* evicts a whole app cleanly. Defaults to no namespace for backward compatibility — explicit only, never auto-derived from app_id.

  • :faraday (Hash) —

    You may pass a hash of options that will be passed to the Faraday constructor.

  • :live_query_url (String) —

    The WebSocket URL for Parse LiveQuery server (e.g., "wss://your-parse-server.com"). If not specified, falls back to ENV["PARSE_LIVE_QUERY_URL"]. LiveQuery enables real-time subscriptions to changes in Parse objects. @example Enable LiveQuery Parse.setup( server_url: "https://your-server.com/parse", application_id: "YOUR_APP_ID", api_key: "YOUR_API_KEY", live_query_url: "wss://your-server.com" )

  • :live_query (Hash) —

    Advanced LiveQuery configuration options. Pass a hash with custom settings for the LiveQuery client.

    • :url [String] - WebSocket URL (alternative to :live_query_url)
    • :auto_reconnect [Boolean] - Auto-reconnect on disconnect (default: true)

Yields:

  • the block for additional configuration with Faraday middleware.

Returns:

  • (Client) —

    a new instance of Client

See Also:



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# File 'lib/parse/client.rb', line 374

def setup(opts = {}, &block)
  @clients[:default] = self.new(opts, &block)
end

Instance Method Details

#body_carries_atomic_op?(body) ⇒ Boolean

Whether a request body carries a Parse atomic operation, i.e. any field whose value is a Hash with an __op key (Increment, Add, AddUnique, Remove, AddRelation, RemoveRelation, Delete). Such ops are not idempotent and must not be replayed on an ambiguous failure. Assumes the body is a Ruby Hash, which the SDK's normal save/update path always provides; a pre-serialized String body is treated as op-free (and therefore retryable), so callers handing request a raw JSON string for a PUT-with-op would bypass this guard.

Parameters:

  • body (Object) —

    the request body.

Returns:

  • (Boolean) 


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# File 'lib/parse/client.rb', line 1201

def body_carries_atomic_op?(body)
  return false unless body.is_a?(Hash)
  body.any? { |_k, v| v.is_a?(Hash) && (v.key?("__op") || v.key?(:__op)) }
end

#clear_cache! ⇒ Object

Clear the client cache



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# File 'lib/parse/client.rb', line 828

def clear_cache!
  self.cache.clear if self.cache.present?
end

#configure_live_query(opts) ⇒ Object

This method is part of a private API. You should avoid using this method if possible, as it may be removed or be changed in the future.

Configure LiveQuery with the given options

Parameters:

  • opts (Hash) —

    configuration options

Options Hash (opts):

  • :live_query_url (String) —

    WebSocket URL for LiveQuery server (wss://...)



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# File 'lib/parse/client.rb', line 736

def configure_live_query(opts)
  live_query_url = opts[:live_query_url] || ENV["PARSE_LIVE_QUERY_URL"]

  return unless live_query_url || opts[:live_query]

  require_relative "live_query"

  live_query_opts = opts[:live_query].is_a?(Hash) ? opts[:live_query] : {}
  resolved_url = live_query_url || live_query_opts[:url]

  # Refuse explicit `ws://` against a non-loopback host unless
  # `allow_insecure: true` is also passed in `live_query:`. The
  # downstream `derive_websocket_url` path already enforces this for
  # URLs derived from a Parse Server `http://` URL, but an explicit
  # `live_query: { url: "ws://prod-host" }` or
  # `live_query_url: "ws://prod-host"` bypassed it — the master key
  # and any session token would ride the connect frame in cleartext.
  validate_live_query_url!(resolved_url, allow_insecure: live_query_opts[:allow_insecure])

  # Warn (don't raise) on `live_query: { ... }` keys that are not
  # `Parse::LiveQuery::Configuration` setters. The block form would
  # otherwise silently swallow typos like
  # `live_query: { ssl_min_versoin: :TLSv1_3 }` and leave TLS at the
  # default, losing the operator's intent. The pre-fix kwargs form
  # raised `ArgumentError` here; this restores the surface without
  # making it a hard failure for unknown-but-harmless keys.
  warn_about_unknown_live_query_keys!(live_query_opts)

  Parse::LiveQuery.configure do |config|
    config.application_id = @application_id if @application_id
    config.client_key = @api_key if @api_key
    config.master_key = @master_key if @master_key

    # Apply hash-form options first so the resolved URL (which honors
    # top-level `live_query_url:` over `live_query: { url: }`) wins.
    # Without this, the loop would re-write `config.url` from the
    # hash and silently invert the documented precedence.
    live_query_opts.each do |key, value|
      next if key == :url
      setter = "#{key}="
      config.public_send(setter, value) if config.respond_to?(setter)
    end

    config.url = resolved_url if resolved_url
  end
end

#connected?(endpoint = nil) ⇒ Boolean

Connectivity probe. By default hits the Parse Server health endpoint — the same target as #reachable? — so it returns +true+ whenever the server is up, regardless of CLP configuration.

Why not a _User find? A limit-0 find against +_User+ exercises the auth stack, but locking +_User+ finds to the master key via a Class-Level Permission is standard production hardening — on such a server the probe gets a permission error and (wrongly) reports "not connected" for a perfectly healthy, correctly-configured deployment. The default therefore avoids any data class.

To ALSO validate credentials, pass endpoint: a path to a class the configured key is allowed to read (e.g. "classes/_User" on a default server, or one of your own readable classes). The probe runs limit: 0 so it never pulls rows, and routes through the auth middleware, so a wrong application_id / REST key surfaces as an Error::AuthenticationError and is converted to +false+. Any connection, timeout, or API error returns +false+ rather than raising; genuine programming errors (e.g. +NoMethodError+) still propagate.

Parameters:

  • endpoint (String, nil) (defaults to: nil) —

    optional path to probe instead of the health endpoint, to validate credentials against a readable class.

Returns:

  • (Boolean) —

    +true+ if the server is reachable (and, when an endpoint is given, the credentials are accepted).



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# File 'lib/parse/client.rb', line 868

def connected?(endpoint = nil)
  path = endpoint || Parse::API::Server::SERVER_HEALTH_PATH
  response = request(:get, path, query: { limit: 0 }, opts: { cache: false })
  response.success?
rescue Parse::Error, Faraday::Error
  false
end

#delete(uri, body = nil, headers = {}) ⇒ Parse::Response

Send a DELETE request.

Parameters:

  • uri (String) —

    the uri path for this request.

  • body (Hash) (defaults to: nil) —

    a hash that will be JSON encoded for the body of this request.

  • headers (Hash) (defaults to: {}) —

    additional headers to send in this request.

Returns:



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# File 'lib/parse/client.rb', line 1238

def delete(uri, body = nil, headers = {})
  request :delete, uri, body: body, headers: headers
end

#get(uri, query = nil, headers = {}) ⇒ Parse::Response

Send a GET request.

Parameters:

  • uri (String) —

    the uri path for this request.

  • query (Hash) (defaults to: nil) —

    the set of url query parameters.

  • headers (Hash) (defaults to: {}) —

    additional headers to send in this request.

Returns:



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# File 'lib/parse/client.rb', line 1211

def get(uri, query = nil, headers = {})
  request :get, uri, query: query, headers: headers
end

#idempotent_retry?(method, body, headers = nil) ⇒ Boolean

Whether a request whose outcome is UNKNOWN (a 500/503 or a dropped connection) is safe to transparently re-send.

Server-dedup fast path: when the operator has asserted Parse Server idempotency is configured (Request.assume_server_idempotency) AND this request carries a stable X-Parse-Request-Id header, the server deduplicates a replay, so even a POST or an atomic-op write is safe to retry — the write applies at most once. The replay is NOT a transparent success, though: Parse Server rejects the duplicate with error 159, surfaced as a raised Error::DuplicateRequestError the caller must rescue (the original write already landed). The SDK sends the same request id on every retry (the header is set once and preserved across the retry), which is what makes the server-side dedup match.

Otherwise the conservative method/body heuristic applies: GET and DELETE are idempotent; a full-object PUT update is idempotent ONLY when it carries no atomic __op mutation (Increment/Add/AddUnique/Remove/Relation would double-apply on replay); POST (object create / batch) is never auto-retried. 429 throttles are handled at the call site, since the server provably discarded the request and those re-send regardless.

Parameters:

  • method (Symbol) —

    the (downcased) HTTP method of the request.

  • body (Hash, Object, nil) —

    the request body.

  • headers (Hash, nil) (defaults to: nil) —

    the outgoing request headers (consulted for the request-id header on the server-dedup fast path).

Returns:

  • (Boolean) 


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# File 'lib/parse/client.rb', line 1167

def idempotent_retry?(method, body, headers = nil)
  return true if server_deduped_request?(headers)
  case method
  when :get, :delete then true
  when :put then !body_carries_atomic_op?(body)
  else false
  end
end

#post(uri, body = nil, headers = {}) ⇒ Parse::Response

Send a POST request.

Parameters:

  • body (Hash) (defaults to: nil) —

    a hash that will be JSON encoded for the body of this request.

  • uri (String) —

    the uri path for this request.

  • headers (Hash) (defaults to: {}) —

    additional headers to send in this request.

Returns:



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# File 'lib/parse/client.rb', line 1220

def post(uri, body = nil, headers = {})
  request :post, uri, body: body, headers: headers
end

#put(uri, body = nil, headers = {}) ⇒ Parse::Response

Send a PUT request.

Parameters:

  • uri (String) —

    the uri path for this request.

  • body (Hash) (defaults to: nil) —

    a hash that will be JSON encoded for the body of this request.

  • headers (Hash) (defaults to: {}) —

    additional headers to send in this request.

Returns:



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# File 'lib/parse/client.rb', line 1229

def put(uri, body = nil, headers = {})
  request :put, uri, body: body, headers: headers
end

#reachable? ⇒ Boolean

No-credentials liveness probe. Hits the Parse Server health endpoint and returns +true+ when the server responds with status "ok". No application credentials are required, so this passes even when the configured application_id or REST key is wrong. Use #connected? to also validate credentials.

Returns:

  • (Boolean) —

    +true+ if the server is up and returned a healthy status.



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# File 'lib/parse/client.rb', line 838

def reachable?
  response = request(:get, Parse::API::Server::SERVER_HEALTH_PATH, opts: { cache: false })
  response.success?
rescue Parse::Error, Faraday::Error
  false
end

#request(method, uri = nil, body: nil, query: nil, headers: nil, opts: {}) ⇒ Parse::Response

Send a REST API request to the server. This is the low-level API used for all requests to the Parse server with the provided options. Every request sent to Parse through the client goes through the configured set of middleware that can be modified by applying different headers or specific options. This method supports retrying requests a few times when a ServiceUnavailableError is raised.

Parameters:

  • method (Symbol) —

    The method type of the HTTP request (ex. :get, :post).

    • This parameter can also be a Request object.
  • uri (String) (defaults to: nil) —

    the url path. It should not be an absolute url.

  • body (Hash) (defaults to: nil) —

    the body of the request.

  • query (Hash) (defaults to: nil) —

    the set of url query parameters to use in a GET request.

  • headers (Hash) (defaults to: nil) —

    additional headers to apply to this request.

  • opts (Hash) (defaults to: {}) —

    a set of options to pass through the middleware stack.

    • :cache [Integer] the number of seconds to cache this specific request. If set to false, caching will be disabled completely all together, which means even if a cached response exists, it will not be used.
    • :use_master_key [Boolean] whether this request should send the master key, if it was configured with Parse.setup. By default, if a master key was configured, all outgoing requests will contain it in the request header. Default true.
    • :session_token [String] The session token to send in this request. This disables sending the master key in the request, and sends this request with the credentials provided by the session_token.
    • :retry [Integer] The number of retrties to perform if the service is unavailable. Set to false to disable the retry mechanism. When performing request retries, the client will sleep for a number of seconds (RETRY_DELAY) between requests. The default value is DEFAULT_RETRIES.

Returns:

Raises:

  • Parse::Error::AuthenticationError when HTTP response status is 401 or 403

  • Parse::Error::TimeoutError when HTTP response status is 400 or 408, and the Parse code is 143 or Response::ERROR_TIMEOUT.

  • Parse::Error::ConnectionError when HTTP response status is 404 is not an object not found error.

    • This will also be raised if after retrying a request a number of times has finally failed.

  • Parse::Error::ProtocolError when HTTP response status is 405 or 406

  • Parse::Error::ServiceUnavailableError when HTTP response status is 500 or 503.

  • Parse::Error::ServerError when the Parse response code is less than 100

  • Parse::Error::RequestLimitExceededError when the Parse response code is Response::ERROR_EXCEEDED_BURST_LIMIT.

    • This usually means you have exceeded the burst limit on requests, which will mean you will be throttled for the next 60 seconds.

  • Parse::Error::InvalidSessionTokenError when the Parse response code is 209.

  • Parse::Error::DuplicateRequestError when the Parse response code is Response::ERROR_DUPLICATE_REQUEST (159) — request-id idempotency rejected a duplicate; the original write already applied.

    • This means the session token that was sent in the request seems to be invalid.

See Also:



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# File 'lib/parse/client.rb', line 926

def request(method, uri = nil, body: nil, query: nil, headers: nil, opts: {})
  # Pre-declare locals referenced inside rescue blocks so CodeQL's
  # uninitialized-variable analysis is satisfied even if an exception
  # raises before the natural assignment site.
  response     = nil
  _retry_count = nil
  _retry_delay = nil
  _request     = nil
  # Kwarg-absorption guard. The `**opts` splat in API helper methods
  # (lib/parse/api/*.rb) absorbs a caller-passed `opts: { ... }`
  # keyword as a key named `:opts` rather than as the request options
  # hash itself. The auth context (session_token, use_master_key)
  # buried under :opts then never reaches the request — the call
  # silently goes out anonymous (or master, if one is configured),
  # which is a permission-downgrade footgun. Fail loudly here so the
  # bug surfaces in dev/test instead of in production.
  if opts.is_a?(Hash) && opts[:opts].is_a?(Hash)
    raise ArgumentError, "Parse::Client#request received nested `opts: { opts: { ... } }` — " \
                         "pass session_token: / use_master_key: directly as keywords, " \
                         "not wrapped in an `opts:` hash. " \
                         "Bad: Parse.client.create_object('X', body, opts: { session_token: t }) " \
                         "Good: Parse.client.create_object('X', body, session_token: t, use_master_key: false)"
  end

  # Retry budget. Initialized ONCE here, ABOVE the `begin` below, so the
  # `retry` keyword in the rescue clauses (which re-runs only the begin
  # block, not the whole method) preserves the countdown across attempts.
  # If this initialization ran inside the begin it would reset on every
  # attempt, turning a transient 500/503/429 into an infinite retry loop.
  _retry_count ||= self.retry_limit

  if opts[:retry] == false
    _retry_count = 0
  elsif opts[:retry].to_i > 0
    _retry_count = opts[:retry]
  end

  # The effective starting budget, captured ONCE after the opts override
  # (and, like `_retry_count`, above the `begin` so `retry` doesn't reset
  # it). The backoff multiplier is `(_retry_max - _retry_count)`, which
  # grows 1, 2, 3, … as attempts are consumed. Deriving it from
  # `self.retry_limit` instead would go to zero or negative whenever a
  # caller passes `opts: { retry: N }` with N above the instance default,
  # silently disabling the backoff (every retry firing at zero delay).
  _retry_max ||= _retry_count

  begin
  headers ||= {}
  # if the first argument is a Parse::Request object, then construct it
  _request = nil
  if method.is_a?(Request)
    _request = method
    method = _request.method
    uri ||= _request.path
    query ||= _request.query
    body ||= _request.body
    headers.merge! _request.headers
  else
    _request = Parse::Request.new(method, uri, body: body, headers: headers, opts: opts)
  end

  # http method
  method = method.downcase.to_sym
  # set the User-Agent
  headers[USER_AGENT_HEADER] = USER_AGENT_VERSION

  if opts[:cache] == false
    headers[Parse::Middleware::Caching::CACHE_CONTROL] = "no-cache"
  elsif opts[:cache] == :write_only
    # Write-only mode: skip reading from cache, but still write to cache
    # Useful for fetch!/reload! which want fresh data but should update cache
    headers[Parse::Middleware::Caching::CACHE_WRITE_ONLY] = "true"
  elsif opts[:cache].is_a?(Numeric)
    # specify the cache duration of this request
    headers[Parse::Middleware::Caching::CACHE_EXPIRES_DURATION] = opts[:cache].to_s
  end

  # Resolve the auth context in three layers:
  #   1. explicit per-call `use_master_key:` and `session_token:`
  #   2. ambient session set by `Parse.with_session { ... }` (fiber-local)
  #   3. process-wide `Parse.client_mode` flag — when true, master key is
  #      never sent unless the caller explicitly passed `use_master_key: true`
  explicit_master = opts.key?(:use_master_key)

  if opts[:use_master_key] == false
    headers[Parse::Middleware::Authentication::DISABLE_MASTER_KEY] = "true"
  elsif Parse.client_mode && opts[:use_master_key] != true
    # client mode defaults master key OFF unless explicitly opted in
    headers[Parse::Middleware::Authentication::DISABLE_MASTER_KEY] = "true"
  end

  token = opts[:session_token]
  # When no explicit token was passed AND the caller didn't ask to send
  # the master key, fall through to the fiber-local ambient set by
  # `Parse.with_session`. Explicit `use_master_key: true` is treated as
  # a deliberate admin call and skips the ambient — otherwise an
  # `admin.do_thing(use_master_key: true)` nested inside a
  # `with_session(user)` block would silently downgrade.
  if token.nil? && !(explicit_master && opts[:use_master_key] == true)
    ambient = Parse.current_session_token
    token = ambient if ambient.is_a?(String) && !ambient.empty?
  end
  if token.present?
    token = token.session_token if token.respond_to?(:session_token)
    headers[Parse::Middleware::Authentication::DISABLE_MASTER_KEY] = "true"
    headers[Parse::Protocol::SESSION_TOKEN] = token
  end

  #if it is a :get request, then use query params, otherwise body.
  params = (method == :get ? query : body) || {}
  # if the path does not start with the '/1/' prefix, then add it to be nice.
  # actually send the request and return the body
  response_env = @conn.send(method, uri, params, headers)
  response = response_env.body
  response.request = _request

  case response.http_status
  when 401, 403
    Parse::Client._safe_warn("AuthenticationError", response)
    raise Parse::Error::AuthenticationError, response
  when 400, 408
    if response.code == Parse::Response::ERROR_TIMEOUT || response.code == 143 #"net/http: timeout awaiting response headers"
      Parse::Client._safe_warn("TimeoutError", response)
      raise Parse::Error::TimeoutError, response
    end
  when 404
    unless response.object_not_found?
      Parse::Client._safe_warn("ConnectionError", response)
      raise Parse::Error::ConnectionError, response
    end
  when 405, 406
    Parse::Client._safe_warn("ProtocolError", response)
    raise Parse::Error::ProtocolError, response
  when 429 # Request over the throttle limit
    Parse::Client._safe_warn("RequestLimitExceededError", response)
    raise Parse::Error::RequestLimitExceededError, response
  when 500, 503
    Parse::Client._safe_warn("ServiceUnavailableError", response)
    raise Parse::Error::ServiceUnavailableError, response
  end

  if response.error?
    if response.code <= Parse::Response::ERROR_SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE
      Parse::Client._safe_warn("ServiceUnavailableError", response)
      raise Parse::Error::ServiceUnavailableError, response
    elsif response.code <= 100
      Parse::Client._safe_warn("ServerError", response)
      raise Parse::Error::ServerError, response
    elsif response.code == Parse::Response::ERROR_EXCEEDED_BURST_LIMIT
      Parse::Client._safe_warn("RequestLimitExceededError", response)
      raise Parse::Error::RequestLimitExceededError, response
    elsif response.code == 209 # Error 209: invalid session token
      Parse::Client._safe_warn("InvalidSessionTokenError", response)
      raise Parse::Error::InvalidSessionTokenError, response
    elsif response.code == Parse::Response::ERROR_DUPLICATE_REQUEST # 159
      # Request-id idempotency rejected a duplicate — the original write
      # already applied (NOT a second time). Surface a typed, catchable
      # signal rather than a generic error; this is what a transparently-
      # retried write that landed-but-lost-its-response sees on the replay.
      Parse::Client._safe_warn("DuplicateRequestError", response)
      raise Parse::Error::DuplicateRequestError, response
    end
  end

  response
rescue Parse::Error::RequestLimitExceededError, Parse::Error::ServiceUnavailableError => e
  # 429 (RequestLimitExceeded): the server threw the request away, so
  # re-sending is safe for any method. 500/503 (ServiceUnavailable) is
  # ambiguous — a write may have applied before the error — so only
  # re-send when the request is idempotent (see #idempotent_retry?).
  retryable = e.is_a?(Parse::Error::RequestLimitExceededError) || idempotent_retry?(method, body, headers)
  if _retry_count > 0 && retryable
    warn "[Parse:Retry] Retries remaining #{_retry_count} : #{response.request}"
    _retry_count -= 1
    # Use Retry-After header if available, otherwise use linear backoff
    retry_after = response.retry_after if response.respond_to?(:retry_after)
    if retry_after && retry_after > 0
      _retry_delay = retry_after
      warn "[Parse:Retry] Using Retry-After header: #{_retry_delay}s"
    else
      # Linear backoff (RETRY_DELAY × attempt number) with +/-25% jitter.
      # Never zero —
      # zero-wait retries amplify DoS against upstream and stampede on 429.
      backoff_delay = RETRY_DELAY * (_retry_max - _retry_count)
      _retry_delay = backoff_delay * (0.75 + rand * 0.5)
    end
    sleep _retry_delay if _retry_delay > 0
    retry
  end
  raise
rescue Faraday::ClientError, Faraday::TimeoutError, Net::OpenTimeout => e
  # Request timed out mid-flight: the outcome is unknown (the server may
  # have received and applied the write but never answered), so only
  # re-send idempotent requests to avoid double-applying.
  #
  # Faraday 2.x raises `Faraday::TimeoutError` for a read timeout
  # (`Timeout::Error` / `Errno::ETIMEDOUT`); it subclasses `Faraday::Error`,
  # not `ClientError`, so it must be listed explicitly to be caught. We
  # deliberately do NOT catch `Faraday::ConnectionFailed` (connection
  # refused/reset, plus the wrapped connect-timeout): refused is a
  # non-transient "server down / misconfigured" failure, and auto-retrying
  # it only adds backoff latency before the inevitable error. Broadening to
  # reset connections safely (retry reset, fail fast on refused) is tracked
  # as a follow-up.
  if _retry_count > 0 && idempotent_retry?(method, body, headers)
    warn "[Parse:Retry] Retries remaining #{_retry_count} : #{_request}"
    _retry_count -= 1
    backoff_delay = RETRY_DELAY * (_retry_max - _retry_count)
    _retry_delay = backoff_delay * (0.75 + rand * 0.5)
    sleep _retry_delay if _retry_delay > 0
    retry
  end
  raise Parse::Error::ConnectionError, "#{_request} : #{e.class} - #{e.message}"
  end
end

#send_request(req) ⇒ Parse::Response

Send a Request object.

Parameters:

Returns:

Raises:

  • ArgumentError if req is not of type Parse::Request.



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# File 'lib/parse/client.rb', line 1246

def send_request(req) #Parse::Request object
  raise ArgumentError, "Object not of Parse::Request type." unless req.is_a?(Parse::Request)
  request req.method, req.path, req.body, req.headers
end

#server_deduped_request?(headers) ⇒ Boolean

Whether this request is covered by Parse Server's server-side request-id deduplication, making a replay a no-op. True only when the operator has opted in via Request.assume_server_idempotency AND the request actually carries a non-blank request-id header (writes to inherently non-idempotent paths — sessions, logout, functions, push, jobs — never get a request id, so they correctly fail this check).

Parameters:

  • headers (Hash, nil) —

    the outgoing request headers.

Returns:

  • (Boolean) 


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# File 'lib/parse/client.rb', line 1184

def server_deduped_request?(headers)
  return false unless Parse::Request.assume_server_idempotency
  return false unless headers.is_a?(Hash)
  rid = headers[Parse::Request.request_id_header]
  rid.is_a?(String) && !rid.strip.empty?
end

#url_prefix ⇒ String

Returns the url prefix of the Parse Server url.

Returns:

  • (String) —

    the url prefix of the Parse Server url.



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# File 'lib/parse/client.rb', line 823

def url_prefix
  @conn.url_prefix
end

#validate_live_query_url!(url, allow_insecure:) ⇒ Object

This method is part of a private API. You should avoid using this method if possible, as it may be removed or be changed in the future.

Raises:

  • (ArgumentError) 


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# File 'lib/parse/client.rb', line 784

def validate_live_query_url!(url, allow_insecure:)
  return unless url.is_a?(String) && url.start_with?("ws://")

  host = URI.parse(url).host.to_s rescue ""
  return if LIVE_QUERY_LOOPBACK_HOSTS.include?(host)
  return if allow_insecure

  raise ArgumentError,
    "[Parse::Client] Refusing explicit insecure LiveQuery URL #{url.inspect}. " \
    "The connect frame carries the master key and any session token in " \
    "plaintext on this socket. Use wss:// for routable hosts, or pass " \
    "`live_query: { allow_insecure: true }` to opt into cleartext for " \
    "local development on a non-loopback address."
end

#warn_about_unknown_live_query_keys!(live_query_opts) ⇒ Object

This method is part of a private API. You should avoid using this method if possible, as it may be removed or be changed in the future. 



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# File 'lib/parse/client.rb', line 800

def warn_about_unknown_live_query_keys!(live_query_opts)
  return unless live_query_opts.is_a?(Hash) && live_query_opts.any?

  probe = Parse::LiveQuery::Configuration.new
  unknown = live_query_opts.keys.reject { |k| probe.respond_to?("#{k}=") }
  return if unknown.empty?

  warn "[Parse::Client] Ignoring unknown live_query option(s): " \
       "#{unknown.inspect}. Valid keys are Parse::LiveQuery::Configuration " \
       "setters (url, application_id, client_key, master_key, ping_interval, " \
       "pong_timeout, allow_insecure, ssl_min_version, ssl_max_version, " \
       "logging_enabled, log_level, ...). Check for typos."
end