Module: MilkTea::LowererExpressions

Included in:
Lowerer
Defined in:
lib/milk_tea/core/lowering/expressions.rb

Instance Method Summary collapse

Instance Method Details

#build_dynamic_format_string_parts(format_string, env:) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/milk_tea/core/lowering/expressions.rb', line 190

def build_dynamic_format_string_parts(format_string, env:)
  format_parts = []
  setup = []

  format_string.parts.each do |part|
    if part.is_a?(AST::FormatTextPart)
      next if part.value.empty?

      format_parts << { kind: :text, value: part.value }
      next
    end

    expression_setup, prepared_expression = prepare_expression_for_inline_lowering(part.expression, env:)
    setup.concat(expression_setup)
    value_type = infer_expression_type(prepared_expression, env:)

    if part.format_spec
      case part.format_spec[:kind]
      when :precision
        precision = part.format_spec[:value]
        append_argument_type = @ctx.types.fetch("double")
        parameter_linkage_name = fresh_c_temp_name(env, "fmt_part")
        setup << IR::LocalDecl.new(
          name: parameter_linkage_name,
          linkage_name: parameter_linkage_name,
          type: append_argument_type,
          value: cast_expression(
            lower_contextual_expression(prepared_expression, env:, expected_type: value_type),
            append_argument_type,
          ),
        )
        format_parts << {
          kind: :precision_expression,
          append_function_name: "append_double_precision",
          parameter_linkage_name: parameter_linkage_name,
          parameter_type: append_argument_type,
          precision: precision,
        }
      when :hex
        append_function_name, append_argument_type = format_string_hex_append_plan(value_type, uppercase: part.format_spec[:uppercase])
        parameter_linkage_name = fresh_c_temp_name(env, "fmt_part")
        setup << IR::LocalDecl.new(
          name: parameter_linkage_name,
          linkage_name: parameter_linkage_name,
          type: append_argument_type,
          value: cast_expression(
            lower_contextual_expression(prepared_expression, env:, expected_type: value_type),
            append_argument_type,
          ),
        )
        format_parts << {
          kind: :expression,
          append_function_name: append_function_name,
          parameter_linkage_name: parameter_linkage_name,
          parameter_type: append_argument_type,
        }
      when :oct
        append_function_name, append_argument_type = format_string_oct_append_plan(value_type, uppercase: part.format_spec[:uppercase])
        parameter_linkage_name = fresh_c_temp_name(env, "fmt_part")
        setup << IR::LocalDecl.new(
          name: parameter_linkage_name,
          linkage_name: parameter_linkage_name,
          type: append_argument_type,
          value: cast_expression(
            lower_contextual_expression(prepared_expression, env:, expected_type: value_type),
            append_argument_type,
          ),
        )
        format_parts << {
          kind: :expression,
          append_function_name: append_function_name,
          parameter_linkage_name: parameter_linkage_name,
          parameter_type: append_argument_type,
        }
      when :bin
        append_function_name, append_argument_type = format_string_bin_append_plan(value_type, uppercase: part.format_spec[:uppercase])
        parameter_linkage_name = fresh_c_temp_name(env, "fmt_part")
        setup << IR::LocalDecl.new(
          name: parameter_linkage_name,
          linkage_name: parameter_linkage_name,
          type: append_argument_type,
          value: cast_expression(
            lower_contextual_expression(prepared_expression, env:, expected_type: value_type),
            append_argument_type,
          ),
        )
        format_parts << {
          kind: :expression,
          append_function_name: append_function_name,
          parameter_linkage_name: parameter_linkage_name,
          parameter_type: append_argument_type,
        }
      else
        raise LoweringError.new("unsupported format spec #{part.format_spec.inspect}", line: 0, column: 0, path: @ctx.current_analysis_path)
      end
    else
      append_plan = format_string_append_plan(value_type, context: "formatted string interpolation of #{value_type}")
      parameter_linkage_name = fresh_c_temp_name(env, "fmt_part")
      setup << IR::LocalDecl.new(
        name: parameter_linkage_name,
        linkage_name: parameter_linkage_name,
        type: append_plan[:append_argument_type],
        value: cast_expression(
          lower_contextual_expression(prepared_expression, env:, expected_type: value_type),
          append_plan[:append_argument_type],
        ),
      )

      if append_plan[:kind] == :custom
        register_prepared_temp!(env, parameter_linkage_name, append_plan[:append_argument_type])
        part_info = {
          kind: :custom_expression,
          parameter_linkage_name: parameter_linkage_name,
          parameter_type: append_plan[:append_argument_type],
          format_binding: append_plan[:binding],
          append_output_type: append_plan[:append_output_type],
        }
        expected_length_linkage_name = fresh_c_temp_name(env, "fmt_part_len")
        setup << IR::LocalDecl.new(
          name: expected_length_linkage_name,
          linkage_name: expected_length_linkage_name,
          type: @ctx.types.fetch("ptr_uint"),
          value: IR::Call.new(
            callee: append_plan[:binding].length_callee_name,
            arguments: [format_string_custom_receiver_argument(part_info, hook: :length, env:)],
            type: @ctx.types.fetch("ptr_uint"),
          ),
        )
        format_parts << part_info.merge(expected_length_linkage_name:)
      else
        format_parts << {
          kind: :expression,
          append_function_name: append_plan[:append_function_name],
          parameter_linkage_name: parameter_linkage_name,
          parameter_type: append_plan[:append_argument_type],
        }
      end
    end
  end

  [setup, format_parts]
end

#build_dynamic_format_string_temp_setup(format_string, env:) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/milk_tea/core/lowering/expressions.rb', line 130

def build_dynamic_format_string_temp_setup(format_string, env:)
  string_type = @ctx.types.fetch("str")
  dest_name = env[:current_local_name] || env[:lowering_target_name]
  if dest_name
    env[:fmt_counter] ||= {}
    env[:fmt_counter][dest_name] = (env[:fmt_counter][dest_name] || 0) + 1
    suffix = env[:fmt_counter][dest_name] > 1 ? "_#{env[:fmt_counter][dest_name]}" : ""
    base = "__fmt_#{dest_name}#{suffix}"
  else
    base = fresh_c_temp_name(env, "fmt_str")
  end
  temp_name = base
  cap_name = "#{base}_cap"
  off_name = "#{base}_off"
  register_prepared_temp!(env, temp_name, string_type, cstr_backed: true)
  total_cap_value = IR::Name.new(name: cap_name, type: @ctx.types.fetch("ptr_uint"), pointer: false)
  result_value = IR::Name.new(name: temp_name, type: string_type, pointer: false)
  offset_value = IR::Name.new(name: off_name, type: @ctx.types.fetch("ptr_uint"), pointer: false)

  setup, format_parts = build_dynamic_format_string_parts(format_string, env:)
  literal_capacity = format_parts.sum { |part| part[:kind] == :text ? part[:value].bytesize : 0 }

  setup << IR::LocalDecl.new(
    name: cap_name, linkage_name: cap_name, type: @ctx.types.fetch("ptr_uint"),
    value: IR::IntegerLiteral.new(value: literal_capacity, type: @ctx.types.fetch("ptr_uint")),
  )

  format_parts.each do |part|
    next if part[:kind] == :text
    part_len = format_string_part_length_expression(part, env:)
    setup << IR::Assignment.new(
      target: total_cap_value, operator: "=",
      value: IR::Binary.new(operator: "+", left: total_cap_value, right: part_len, type: @ctx.types.fetch("ptr_uint")),
    )
  end

  setup << IR::LocalDecl.new(
    name: temp_name, linkage_name: temp_name, type: string_type,
    value: IR::Call.new(callee: "mt_format_str_make", arguments: [total_cap_value], type: string_type),
  )
  setup << IR::LocalDecl.new(
    name: off_name, linkage_name: off_name, type: @ctx.types.fetch("ptr_uint"),
    value: IR::IntegerLiteral.new(value: 0, type: @ctx.types.fetch("ptr_uint")),
  )

  format_parts.each do |part|
    setup.concat(format_string_part_append_statements(part, result_value, offset_value, env:))
  end

  [setup, temp_name]
end

#build_expression_from_qualified_name(qualified_name) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/milk_tea/core/lowering/expressions.rb', line 1660

def build_expression_from_qualified_name(qualified_name)
  parts = qualified_name.parts
  return unless parts.length >= 1

  expr = AST::Identifier.new(name: parts.first)
  parts[1..].each do |part|
    expr = AST::MemberAccess.new(receiver: expr, member: part)
  end
  expr
end

#copy_explicit_format_sink_str_parts(format_parts, env:, sink_kind:) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/milk_tea/core/lowering/expressions.rb', line 592

def copy_explicit_format_sink_str_parts(format_parts, env:, sink_kind:)
  setup = []
  cleanup = []

  copied_parts = format_parts.map do |part|
    next part unless part[:kind] == :expression

    should_copy = part[:append_function_name] == "append" ||
      (sink_kind == :str_buffer && part[:append_function_name] == "append_cstr")
    next part unless should_copy

    parameter = format_string_part_parameter_expression(part)
    copy_name = fresh_c_temp_name(env, "fmt_sink_str")
    copy_value = IR::Name.new(name: copy_name, type: @ctx.types.fetch("str"), pointer: false)
    register_prepared_temp!(env, copy_name, @ctx.types.fetch("str"), cstr_backed: true)

    length_value = if part[:append_function_name] == "append"
      IR::Member.new(receiver: parameter, member: "len", type: @ctx.types.fetch("ptr_uint"))
    else
      IR::Call.new(callee: "mt_format_cstr_len", arguments: [parameter], type: @ctx.types.fetch("ptr_uint"))
    end
    append_callee = part[:append_function_name] == "append" ? "mt_format_append_str" : "mt_format_append_cstr"

    setup << IR::LocalDecl.new(
      name: copy_name,
      linkage_name: copy_name,
      type: @ctx.types.fetch("str"),
      value: IR::Call.new(
        callee: "mt_format_str_make",
        arguments: [length_value],
        type: @ctx.types.fetch("str"),
      ),
    )
    setup << IR::ExpressionStmt.new(
      expression: IR::Call.new(
        callee: append_callee,
        arguments: [copy_value, IR::IntegerLiteral.new(value: 0, type: @ctx.types.fetch("ptr_uint")), parameter],
        type: @ctx.types.fetch("ptr_uint"),
      ),
    )
    cleanup << IR::ExpressionStmt.new(
      expression: IR::Call.new(callee: "mt_format_str_release", arguments: [copy_value], type: @ctx.types.fetch("void")),
    )

    part.merge(parameter_linkage_name: copy_name, parameter_type: @ctx.types.fetch("str"), append_function_name: "append")
  end

  [setup, copied_parts, cleanup]
end

#ensure_tuple_struct(tuple_type) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/milk_tea/core/lowering/expressions.rb', line 1030

def ensure_tuple_struct(tuple_type)
  return unless tuple_type.is_a?(Types::Tuple)

  @registered_tuple_types ||= {}
  return if @registered_tuple_types[tuple_type]

  linkage_name = tuple_type_name(tuple_type)
  return if @artifacts.synthetic_structs.any? { |s| s.linkage_name == linkage_name }

  fields = tuple_type.element_types.each_with_index.map do |et, i|
    IR::Field.new(name: tuple_type.field_names[i], type: et)
  end
  @artifacts.synthetic_structs << IR::StructDecl.new(
    name: tuple_type.to_s,
    linkage_name: linkage_name,
    fields: fields,
    packed: false,
    alignment: nil,
  )
  @registered_tuple_types[tuple_type] = true
end

#explicit_format_sink_append_call(part, sink_value:, env:) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/milk_tea/core/lowering/expressions.rb', line 642

def explicit_format_sink_append_call(part, sink_value:, env:)
  if part[:kind] == :text
    return IR::Call.new(
      callee: "std_string_String_append",
      arguments: [sink_value, IR::StringLiteral.new(value: part[:value], type: @ctx.types.fetch("str"), cstring: false)],
      type: @ctx.types.fetch("void"),
    )
  end

  parameter = format_string_part_parameter_expression(part)

  if part[:kind] == :precision_expression
    return IR::Call.new(
      callee: "std_fmt_append_double_precision",
      arguments: [sink_value, parameter, IR::IntegerLiteral.new(value: part[:precision], type: @ctx.types.fetch("int"))],
      type: @ctx.types.fetch("void"),
    )
  end

  if part[:kind] == :custom_expression
    return IR::Call.new(
      callee: part[:format_binding].append_callee_name,
      arguments: [
        format_string_custom_receiver_argument(part, hook: :append, env:),
        sink_value,
      ],
      type: @ctx.types.fetch("void"),
    )
  end

  callee = case part[:append_function_name]
  when "append"
    "std_string_String_append"
  when "append_cstr"
    "std_fmt_append_cstr"
  else
    "std_fmt_#{part[:append_function_name]}"
  end

  IR::Call.new(callee:, arguments: [sink_value, parameter], type: @ctx.types.fetch("void"))
end

#explicit_format_sink_call_info(expression, env) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/milk_tea/core/lowering/expressions.rb', line 337

def explicit_format_sink_call_info(expression, env)
  return unless expression.is_a?(AST::Call)

  kind, _callee_name, receiver, callee_type, callee_binding = resolve_callee(expression.callee, env, arguments: expression.arguments)

  case kind
  when :function
    return unless callee_binding&.owner&.module_name == "std.fmt"
    return unless expression.arguments.length == 2

    operation = case callee_binding.name
                when "append_format"
                  :append
                when "assign_format"
                  :assign
                end
    return unless operation

    format_string = expression.arguments.fetch(1).value
    return unless format_string.is_a?(AST::FormatString)

    {
      operation:,
      sink_expression: expression.arguments.fetch(0).value,
      sink_expected_type: callee_type.params.fetch(0).type,
      format_string:,
      sink_kind: :string,
      method_call: false,
      callee_type:,
      callee_binding:,
    }
  when :method
    return unless callee_binding&.owner&.module_name == "std.string"
    return unless string_builder_type?(callee_type.receiver_type)
    return unless expression.arguments.length == 1

    operation = case callee_binding.name
                when "append_format"
                  :append
                when "assign_format"
                  :assign
                end
    return unless operation

    format_string = expression.arguments.fetch(0).value
    return unless format_string.is_a?(AST::FormatString)

    {
      operation:,
      sink_expression: receiver,
      sink_expected_type: callee_type.receiver_type,
      format_string:,
      sink_kind: :string,
      method_call: true,
      callee_type:,
      callee_binding:,
    }
  when :str_buffer_append_format, :str_buffer_assign_format
    return unless expression.arguments.length == 1

    format_string = expression.arguments.fetch(0).value
    return unless format_string.is_a?(AST::FormatString)

    {
      operation: kind == :str_buffer_assign_format ? :assign : :append,
      sink_expression: receiver,
      sink_expected_type: callee_type.receiver_type,
      format_string:,
      sink_kind: :str_buffer,
      method_call: false,
      callee_type:,
      callee_binding: nil,
    }
  end
end

#explicit_format_sink_runtime_call(operation:, sink_target:, text_value:) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/milk_tea/core/lowering/expressions.rb', line 569

def explicit_format_sink_runtime_call(operation:, sink_target:, text_value:)
  case sink_target[:kind]
  when :string
    callee = operation == :assign ? "std_string_String_assign" : "std_string_String_append"
    IR::Call.new(callee:, arguments: [sink_target[:value], text_value], type: @ctx.types.fetch("void"))
  when :str_buffer
    callee = operation == :assign ? "mt_str_buffer_assign" : "mt_str_buffer_append"
    IR::Call.new(
      callee:,
      arguments: [
        text_value,
        sink_target[:data_pointer],
        sink_target[:capacity],
        sink_target[:len_pointer],
        sink_target[:dirty_pointer],
      ],
      type: @ctx.types.fetch("void"),
    )
  else
    raise LoweringError.new("unsupported explicit format sink #{sink_target[:kind]}", line: 0, column: 0, path: @ctx.current_analysis_path)
  end
end

#explicit_format_sink_target(info, prepared_sink_expression, env:) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/milk_tea/core/lowering/expressions.rb', line 413

def explicit_format_sink_target(info, prepared_sink_expression, env:)
  case info[:sink_kind]
  when :string
    sink_value = if info[:method_call]
                    lower_method_receiver_argument(prepared_sink_expression, info[:callee_type], info[:callee_binding], env:)
                  else
                    lower_contextual_expression(prepared_sink_expression, env:, expected_type: info[:sink_expected_type])
                  end

    { kind: :string, value: sink_value }
  when :str_buffer
    lowered_receiver = lower_expression(prepared_sink_expression, env:)
    {
      kind: :str_buffer,
      receiver: lowered_receiver,
      data_pointer: lower_str_buffer_data_pointer_from_lowered(lowered_receiver),
      len_pointer: lower_str_buffer_len_pointer_from_lowered(lowered_receiver),
      dirty_pointer: lower_str_buffer_dirty_pointer_from_lowered(lowered_receiver),
      capacity: IR::IntegerLiteral.new(value: str_buffer_capacity(lowered_receiver.type), type: @ctx.types.fetch("ptr_uint")),
    }
  else
    raise LoweringError.new("unsupported explicit format sink #{info[:sink_kind]}", line: 0, column: 0, path: @ctx.current_analysis_path)
  end
end

#explicit_format_sink_target_buffer_view(sink_target) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/milk_tea/core/lowering/expressions.rb', line 438

def explicit_format_sink_target_buffer_view(sink_target)
  case sink_target[:kind]
  when :string
    sink_target[:value]
  when :str_buffer
    IR::AggregateLiteral.new(
      type: @ctx.types.fetch("str"),
      fields: [
        IR::AggregateField.new(name: "data", value: sink_target[:data_pointer]),
        IR::AggregateField.new(name: "len", value: sink_target[:capacity]),
      ],
    )
  else
    raise LoweringError.new("unsupported explicit format sink #{sink_target[:kind]}", line: 0, column: 0, path: @ctx.current_analysis_path)
  end
end

#foreign_call_requires_statement_lowering?(expression, binding, env:) ⇒ Boolean

Returns:

  • (Boolean) 


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# File 'lib/milk_tea/core/lowering/expressions.rb', line 1280

def foreign_call_requires_statement_lowering?(expression, binding, env:)
  return true if foreign_call_consumes_binding?(binding)

  mapping_expression = foreign_mapping_expression(binding.ast)
  reference_counts = foreign_mapping_reference_counts(mapping_expression)

  binding.ast.params.each_with_index do |param_ast, index|
    public_alias = param_ast.boundary_type ? foreign_mapping_public_alias_name(param_ast.name) : nil
    total_references = reference_counts.fetch(param_ast.name, 0)
    total_references += reference_counts.fetch(public_alias, 0) if public_alias
    next unless total_references > 1
    next if duplicable_foreign_argument_expression?(expression.arguments.fetch(index).value)

    return true
  end

  binding.ast.params.each_with_index do |param_ast, index|
    parameter = binding.type.params.fetch(index)
    next unless automatic_foreign_cstr_temp_needed?(parameter, expression.arguments.fetch(index).value, env:) ||
                automatic_foreign_cstr_list_temp_needed?(parameter, expression.arguments.fetch(index).value, env:)

    return true
  end

  expression.arguments.drop(binding.type.params.length).each do |argument|
    return true if automatic_variadic_foreign_cstr_temp_needed?(argument.value, env:)
  end

  false
end

#format_string_append_plan(type, context:) ⇒ Object

Raises:



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# File 'lib/milk_tea/core/lowering/expressions.rb', line 855

def format_string_append_plan(type, context:)
  return { kind: :builtin, append_function_name: "append", append_argument_type: @ctx.types.fetch("str") } if type == @ctx.types.fetch("str")
  return { kind: :builtin, append_function_name: "append_cstr", append_argument_type: @ctx.types.fetch("cstr") } if type == @ctx.types.fetch("cstr")
  return { kind: :builtin, append_function_name: "append_bool", append_argument_type: @ctx.types.fetch("bool") } if type == @ctx.types.fetch("bool")
  return { kind: :builtin, append_function_name: "append_float", append_argument_type: @ctx.types.fetch("float") } if type == @ctx.types.fetch("float")
  return { kind: :builtin, append_function_name: "append_double", append_argument_type: @ctx.types.fetch("double") } if type == @ctx.types.fetch("double")

  if type.is_a?(Types::Primitive) && type.integer?
    return { kind: :builtin, append_function_name: "append_int", append_argument_type: @ctx.types.fetch("int") } if %w[byte short int].include?(type.name)
    return { kind: :builtin, append_function_name: "append_uint", append_argument_type: @ctx.types.fetch("uint") } if %w[ubyte ushort uint].include?(type.name)
    return { kind: :builtin, append_function_name: "append_ptr_uint", append_argument_type: @ctx.types.fetch("ptr_uint") } if type.name == "ptr_uint"
    return { kind: :builtin, append_function_name: "append_long", append_argument_type: @ctx.types.fetch("long") } if %w[long ptr_int].include?(type.name)
    return { kind: :builtin, append_function_name: "append_ulong", append_argument_type: @ctx.types.fetch("ulong") } if type.name == "ulong"
  end

  if type.is_a?(Types::EnumBase) && type.backing_type.is_a?(Types::Primitive) && type.backing_type.integer?
    return format_string_append_plan(type.backing_type, context:)
  end

  if (custom_binding = resolve_explicit_format_binding(type, context:))
    return {
      kind: :custom,
      append_argument_type: type,
      binding: custom_binding,
      append_output_type: referenced_type(custom_binding.append_binding.type.params.first.type),
    }
  end

  raise LoweringError.new("formatted string interpolation supports str, cstr, bool, numeric primitives, integer-backed enums/flags, and types implementing format_len()/append_format(output: ref[std.string.String]), got #{type}", line: 0, column: 0, path: @ctx.current_analysis_path)
end

#format_string_bin_append_plan(type, uppercase:) ⇒ Object

Raises:



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# File 'lib/milk_tea/core/lowering/expressions.rb', line 927

def format_string_bin_append_plan(type, uppercase:)
  _ = uppercase
  if type.is_a?(Types::EnumBase) && type.backing_type.is_a?(Types::Primitive) && type.backing_type.integer?
    return format_string_bin_append_plan(type.backing_type, uppercase:)
  end

  unless type.is_a?(Types::Primitive) && type.integer?
    raise LoweringError.new("format spec ':b' and ':B' require integer interpolation, got #{type}", line: 0, column: 0, path: @ctx.current_analysis_path)
  end

  if type.signed_integer?
    return ["append_long_bin", @ctx.types.fetch("long")]
  end

  if type.unsigned_integer?
    return ["append_ulong_bin", @ctx.types.fetch("ulong")]
  end

  raise LoweringError.new("format spec ':b' and ':B' require integer interpolation, got #{type}", line: 0, column: 0, path: @ctx.current_analysis_path)
end

#format_string_custom_receiver_argument(part, hook:, env:) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/milk_tea/core/lowering/expressions.rb', line 830

def format_string_custom_receiver_argument(part, hook:, env:)
  binding = case hook
            when :length
              part[:format_binding].length_binding
            when :append
              part[:format_binding].append_binding
            else
              raise LoweringError.new("unsupported custom format hook #{hook}", line: 0, column: 0, path: @ctx.current_analysis_path)
            end

  if env
    return lower_method_receiver_argument(AST::Identifier.new(name: part[:parameter_linkage_name]), binding.type, binding, env:)
  end

  IR::Name.new(name: part[:parameter_linkage_name], type: part[:parameter_type], pointer: false)
end

#format_string_has_dynamic_parts?(format_string) ⇒ Boolean

Returns:

  • (Boolean) 


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# File 'lib/milk_tea/core/lowering/expressions.rb', line 333

def format_string_has_dynamic_parts?(format_string)
  format_string.parts.any? { |part| part.is_a?(AST::FormatExprPart) }
end

#format_string_hex_append_plan(type, uppercase:) ⇒ Object

Raises:



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# File 'lib/milk_tea/core/lowering/expressions.rb', line 886

def format_string_hex_append_plan(type, uppercase:)
  if type.is_a?(Types::EnumBase) && type.backing_type.is_a?(Types::Primitive) && type.backing_type.integer?
    return format_string_hex_append_plan(type.backing_type, uppercase:)
  end

  unless type.is_a?(Types::Primitive) && type.integer?
    raise LoweringError.new("format spec ':x' and ':X' require integer interpolation, got #{type}", line: 0, column: 0, path: @ctx.current_analysis_path)
  end

  if type.signed_integer?
    return [uppercase ? "append_long_hex_upper" : "append_long_hex", @ctx.types.fetch("long")]
  end

  if type.unsigned_integer?
    return [uppercase ? "append_ulong_hex_upper" : "append_ulong_hex", @ctx.types.fetch("ulong")]
  end

  raise LoweringError.new("format spec ':x' and ':X' require integer interpolation, got #{type}", line: 0, column: 0, path: @ctx.current_analysis_path)
end

#format_string_oct_append_plan(type, uppercase:) ⇒ Object

Raises:



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# File 'lib/milk_tea/core/lowering/expressions.rb', line 906

def format_string_oct_append_plan(type, uppercase:)
  _ = uppercase
  if type.is_a?(Types::EnumBase) && type.backing_type.is_a?(Types::Primitive) && type.backing_type.integer?
    return format_string_oct_append_plan(type.backing_type, uppercase:)
  end

  unless type.is_a?(Types::Primitive) && type.integer?
    raise LoweringError.new("format spec ':o' and ':O' require integer interpolation, got #{type}", line: 0, column: 0, path: @ctx.current_analysis_path)
  end

  if type.signed_integer?
    return ["append_long_oct", @ctx.types.fetch("long")]
  end

  if type.unsigned_integer?
    return ["append_ulong_oct", @ctx.types.fetch("ulong")]
  end

  raise LoweringError.new("format spec ':o' and ':O' require integer interpolation, got #{type}", line: 0, column: 0, path: @ctx.current_analysis_path)
end

#format_string_part_append_expression(part, result_value, offset_value) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/milk_tea/core/lowering/expressions.rb', line 800

def format_string_part_append_expression(part, result_value, offset_value)
  if part[:kind] == :text
    return IR::Call.new(
      callee: "mt_format_append_str",
      arguments: [result_value, offset_value, IR::StringLiteral.new(value: part[:value], type: @ctx.types.fetch("str"), cstring: false)],
      type: @ctx.types.fetch("ptr_uint"),
    )
  end

  parameter = format_string_part_parameter_expression(part)

  if part[:kind] == :precision_expression
    return IR::Call.new(
      callee: "mt_format_append_double_precision",
      arguments: [result_value, offset_value, parameter, IR::IntegerLiteral.new(value: part[:precision], type: @ctx.types.fetch("int"))],
      type: @ctx.types.fetch("ptr_uint"),
    )
  end

  if part[:kind] == :custom_expression
    raise LoweringError.new("custom format parts require statement lowering", line: 0, column: 0, path: @ctx.current_analysis_path)
  end

  IR::Call.new(
    callee: mt_format_append_c_name(part[:append_function_name]),
    arguments: [result_value, offset_value, parameter],
    type: @ctx.types.fetch("ptr_uint"),
  )
end

#format_string_part_append_statements(part, result_value, offset_value, env:) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/milk_tea/core/lowering/expressions.rb', line 709

def format_string_part_append_statements(part, result_value, offset_value, env:)
  if part[:kind] == :custom_expression
    output_type = part[:append_output_type]
    output_ref_type = Types::Registry.generic_instance("ref", [output_type])
    output_value_name = fresh_c_temp_name(env, "fmt_part_output")
    output_value = IR::Name.new(name: output_value_name, type: output_type, pointer: false)
    output_len = IR::Member.new(receiver: output_value, member: "len", type: @ctx.types.fetch("ptr_uint"))
    expected_length = IR::Name.new(name: part[:expected_length_linkage_name], type: @ctx.types.fetch("ptr_uint"), pointer: false)
    data_pointer = format_string_result_data_pointer(result_value)
    slice_data_pointer = cast_expression(
      IR::Binary.new(operator: "+", left: data_pointer, right: offset_value, type: pointer_to(@ctx.types.fetch("char"))),
      output_type.field("data"),
    )

    return [
      IR::LocalDecl.new(
        name: output_value_name,
        linkage_name: output_value_name,
        type: output_type,
        value: IR::AggregateLiteral.new(
          type: output_type,
          fields: [
            IR::AggregateField.new(name: "data", value: slice_data_pointer),
            IR::AggregateField.new(
              name: "len",
              value: IR::IntegerLiteral.new(value: 0, type: output_type.field("len")),
            ),
            IR::AggregateField.new(name: "capacity", value: expected_length),
            IR::AggregateField.new(
              name: "owns_storage",
              value: IR::BooleanLiteral.new(value: false, type: output_type.field("owns_storage")),
            ),
          ],
        ),
      ),
      IR::ExpressionStmt.new(
        expression: IR::Call.new(
          callee: part[:format_binding].append_callee_name,
          arguments: [
            format_string_custom_receiver_argument(part, hook: :append, env:),
            IR::AddressOf.new(expression: output_value, type: output_ref_type),
          ],
          type: @ctx.types.fetch("void"),
        ),
      ),
      IR::IfStmt.new(
        condition: IR::Binary.new(operator: "!=", left: output_len, right: expected_length, type: @ctx.types.fetch("bool")),
        then_body: [
          IR::ExpressionStmt.new(
            expression: IR::Call.new(
              callee: "mt_fatal",
              arguments: [
                IR::StringLiteral.new(
                  value: "custom format hook length mismatch",
                  type: @ctx.types.fetch("cstr"),
                  cstring: true,
                ),
              ],
              type: @ctx.types.fetch("void"),
            ),
          ),
        ],
        else_body: nil,
      ),
      IR::Assignment.new(
        target: offset_value,
        operator: "=",
        value: IR::Binary.new(
          operator: "+",
          left: offset_value,
          right: output_len,
          type: @ctx.types.fetch("ptr_uint"),
        ),
      ),
      IR::Assignment.new(
        target: IR::Index.new(receiver: data_pointer, index: offset_value, type: @ctx.types.fetch("char")),
        operator: "=",
        value: IR::IntegerLiteral.new(value: 0, type: @ctx.types.fetch("char")),
      ),
    ]
  end

  [
    IR::Assignment.new(
      target: offset_value,
      operator: "=",
      value: format_string_part_append_expression(part, result_value, offset_value),
    ),
  ]
end

#format_string_part_length_expression(part, env:) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/milk_tea/core/lowering/expressions.rb', line 684

def format_string_part_length_expression(part, env:)
  parameter = format_string_part_parameter_expression(part)

  if part[:kind] == :precision_expression
    return IR::Call.new(
      callee: "mt_format_double_precision_len",
      arguments: [parameter, IR::IntegerLiteral.new(value: part[:precision], type: @ctx.types.fetch("int"))],
      type: @ctx.types.fetch("ptr_uint"),
    )
  end

  if part[:kind] == :custom_expression
    return IR::Name.new(name: part[:expected_length_linkage_name], type: @ctx.types.fetch("ptr_uint"), pointer: false)
  end

  case part[:append_function_name]
  when "append"
    IR::Member.new(receiver: parameter, member: "len", type: @ctx.types.fetch("ptr_uint"))
  when "append_cstr"
    IR::Call.new(callee: "mt_format_cstr_len", arguments: [parameter], type: @ctx.types.fetch("ptr_uint"))
  else
    IR::Call.new(callee: mt_format_length_c_name(part[:append_function_name]), arguments: [parameter], type: @ctx.types.fetch("ptr_uint"))
  end
end

#format_string_part_parameter_expression(part) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/milk_tea/core/lowering/expressions.rb', line 851

def format_string_part_parameter_expression(part)
  IR::Name.new(name: part[:parameter_linkage_name], type: part[:parameter_type], pointer: false)
end

#format_string_result_data_pointer(result_value) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/milk_tea/core/lowering/expressions.rb', line 847

def format_string_result_data_pointer(result_value)
  IR::Member.new(receiver: result_value, member: "data", type: pointer_to(@ctx.types.fetch("char")))
end

#format_string_static_text(format_string) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/milk_tea/core/lowering/expressions.rb', line 182

def format_string_static_text(format_string)
  format_string.parts.filter_map do |part|
    next unless part.is_a?(AST::FormatTextPart)

    part.value
  end.join
end

#lower_aggregate_binary_op(operator, left, right, result_type) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/milk_tea/core/lowering/expressions.rb', line 1592

def lower_aggregate_binary_op(operator, left, right, result_type)
  fields = result_type.fields.map do |fname, ftype|
    left_field = IR::Member.new(receiver: left, member: fname, type: ftype)
    right_field = IR::Member.new(receiver: right, member: fname, type: ftype)
    value = lower_vector_binary_op(operator, left_field, ftype, right_field, ftype, ftype) || IR::Binary.new(
      operator:,
      left: left_field,
      right: right_field,
      type: ftype,
    )
    IR::AggregateField.new(name: fname, value:)
  end
  IR::AggregateLiteral.new(fields:, type: result_type)
end

#lower_compile_time_handle_member(handle, member, type) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/milk_tea/core/lowering/expressions.rb', line 1515

def lower_compile_time_handle_member(handle, member, type)
  case handle
  when Types::FieldHandle
    case member
    when "name" then IR::StringLiteral.new(value: handle.field_name, type: @ctx.types["str"], cstring: false)
    when "type" then nil # handled via compile_time_const_value before lowering
    end
  when Types::MemberHandle
    case member
    when "name" then IR::StringLiteral.new(value: handle.member_name, type: @ctx.types["str"], cstring: false)
    when "value"
      value_type = @ctx.types["int"]
      IR::IntegerLiteral.new(value: handle.member_value || 0, type: value_type)
    end
  end
end

#lower_explicit_format_sink_expression_statement(expression, env:, line:) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/milk_tea/core/lowering/expressions.rb', line 455

def lower_explicit_format_sink_expression_statement(expression, env:, line:)
  info = explicit_format_sink_call_info(expression, env)
  return unless info

  sink_setup, prepared_sink_expression, sink_cleanups = prepare_expression_with_cleanups(
    info[:sink_expression],
    env:,
    expected_type: info[:sink_expected_type],
    allow_root_statement_foreign: true,
  )
  sink_target = explicit_format_sink_target(info, prepared_sink_expression, env:)

  unless format_string_has_dynamic_parts?(info[:format_string])
    return sink_setup + [
      IR::ExpressionStmt.new(
        expression: explicit_format_sink_runtime_call(
          operation: info[:operation],
          sink_target:,
          text_value: IR::StringLiteral.new(
            value: format_string_static_text(info[:format_string]),
            type: @ctx.types.fetch("str"),
            cstring: false,
          ),
        ),
        line:,
        path: @ctx.current_analysis_path,
      ),
      *sink_cleanups.flat_map(&:itself),
    ]
  end

  format_cleanup_start = (env[:prepared_expression_cleanups] ||= []).length
  format_setup, format_parts = build_dynamic_format_string_parts(info[:format_string], env:)
  format_cleanup_count = env[:prepared_expression_cleanups].length - format_cleanup_start
  format_cleanups = format_cleanup_count.positive? ? env[:prepared_expression_cleanups].slice!(format_cleanup_start, format_cleanup_count) : []
  copied_part_setup, copied_parts, copied_part_cleanups = copy_explicit_format_sink_str_parts(
    format_parts,
    env:,
    sink_kind: info[:sink_kind],
  )

  sink_statements = sink_setup + format_setup + copied_part_setup
  case sink_target[:kind]
  when :string
    if info[:operation] == :assign
      sink_statements << IR::ExpressionStmt.new(
        expression: IR::Call.new(callee: "std_string_String_clear", arguments: [sink_target[:value]], type: @ctx.types.fetch("void")),
        line:,
        path: @ctx.current_analysis_path,
      )
    end

    copied_parts.each do |part|
      sink_statements << IR::ExpressionStmt.new(
        expression: explicit_format_sink_append_call(part, sink_value: sink_target[:value], env:),
        line:,
        path: @ctx.current_analysis_path,
      )
    end
  when :str_buffer
    if info[:operation] == :assign
      sink_statements << IR::ExpressionStmt.new(
        expression: IR::Call.new(
          callee: "mt_str_buffer_clear",
          arguments: [
            sink_target[:data_pointer],
            sink_target[:capacity],
            sink_target[:len_pointer],
            sink_target[:dirty_pointer],
          ],
          type: @ctx.types.fetch("void"),
        ),
        line:,
        path: @ctx.current_analysis_path,
      )
    end

    offset_name = fresh_c_temp_name(env, "fmt_sink_offset")
    offset_value = IR::Name.new(name: offset_name, type: @ctx.types.fetch("ptr_uint"), pointer: false)
    offset_init = if info[:operation] == :assign
      IR::IntegerLiteral.new(value: 0, type: @ctx.types.fetch("ptr_uint"))
    else
      IR::Call.new(
        callee: "mt_str_buffer_len",
        arguments: [
          sink_target[:data_pointer],
          sink_target[:capacity],
          sink_target[:len_pointer],
          sink_target[:dirty_pointer],
        ],
        type: @ctx.types.fetch("ptr_uint"),
      )
    end
    sink_statements << IR::LocalDecl.new(name: offset_name, linkage_name: offset_name, type: @ctx.types.fetch("ptr_uint"), value: offset_init)

    target_value = explicit_format_sink_target_buffer_view(sink_target)
    copied_parts.each do |part|
      sink_statements.concat(format_string_part_append_statements(part, target_value, offset_value, env:))
    end
    sink_statements << IR::Assignment.new(
      target: IR::Unary.new(operator: "*", operand: sink_target[:len_pointer], type: @ctx.types.fetch("ptr_uint")),
      operator: "=",
      value: offset_value,
    )
  else
    raise LoweringError.new("unsupported explicit format sink #{sink_target[:kind]}", line: 0, column: 0, path: @ctx.current_analysis_path)
  end

  sink_statements.concat(copied_part_cleanups)
  sink_statements.concat(sink_cleanups.flat_map(&:itself))
  sink_statements.concat(format_cleanups.flat_map(&:itself))
  sink_statements
end

#lower_expression(expression, env:, expected_type: nil) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/milk_tea/core/lowering/expressions.rb', line 1311

def lower_expression(expression, env:, expected_type: nil)
  type = infer_expression_type(expression, env:, expected_type:)

  case expression
  when AST::AwaitExpr
    raise LoweringError.new("await expressions must be lowered in async statement context", line: 0, column: 0, path: @ctx.current_analysis_path)
  when AST::IntegerLiteral
    IR::IntegerLiteral.new(value: expression.value, type:)
  when AST::CharLiteral
    IR::IntegerLiteral.new(value: expression.value, type:)
  when AST::FloatLiteral
    IR::FloatLiteral.new(value: expression.value, type:)
  when AST::SizeofExpr
    target_type = resolve_type_ref_with_fallback(expression.type, env:)
    target_type ? IR::SizeofExpr.new(target_type:, type:) : raise(LoweringError, "size_of argument is not a concrete type")
  when AST::AlignofExpr
    target_type = resolve_type_ref_with_fallback(expression.type, env:)
    target_type ? IR::AlignofExpr.new(target_type:, type:) : raise(LoweringError, "align_of argument is not a concrete type")
  when AST::OffsetofExpr
    target_type = resolve_type_ref(expression.type)
    if !@bypass_sema_type_cache && (precomputed = @ctx.const_values[@ctx.ast.node_ids[expression.object_id]])
      IR::IntegerLiteral.new(value: precomputed, type:)
    elsif (binding = lookup_value(expression.field, env)) && binding[:const_value].is_a?(Types::FieldHandle)
      IR::OffsetofExpr.new(target_type:, field: binding[:const_value].field_name, type:)
    else
      IR::OffsetofExpr.new(target_type:, field: expression.field, type:)
    end
  when AST::StringLiteral
    IR::StringLiteral.new(value: expression.value, type:, cstring: expression.cstring)
  when AST::FormatString
    raise LoweringError.new("unprepared format string reached raw lowering; format strings should be materialized before direct lowering", line: 0, column: 0, path: @ctx.current_analysis_path)
  when AST::BooleanLiteral
    IR::BooleanLiteral.new(value: expression.value, type:)
  when AST::NullLiteral
    IR::NullLiteral.new(type:)
  when AST::Identifier
    binding = lookup_value(expression.name, env)
    if binding
      lower_bound_identifier(binding, expected_type:)
    elsif @ctx.functions.key?(expression.name)
      function_binding = @ctx.functions.fetch(expression.name)
      raise LoweringError.new("generic function #{expression.name} cannot be used as a value", line: 0, column: 0, path: @ctx.current_analysis_path) if function_binding.type_params.any?
      raise LoweringError.new("foreign function #{expression.name} cannot be used as a value", line: 0, column: 0, path: @ctx.current_analysis_path) if foreign_function_binding?(function_binding)

      IR::Name.new(name: function_binding_c_name(function_binding, module_name: @ctx.module_name), type: type, pointer: false)
    else
      raise LoweringError.new("unsupported identifier #{expression.name}", line: 0, column: 0, path: @ctx.current_analysis_path)
    end
  when AST::MemberAccess
    lower_member_access(expression, env:, type:)
  when AST::IndexAccess
    receiver_type = infer_expression_type(expression.receiver, env:)
    receiver = lower_expression(expression.receiver, env:)
    index = lower_expression(expression.index, env:)
    if array_type?(receiver_type) && addressable_storage_expression?(expression.receiver)
      IR::CheckedIndex.new(receiver:, index:, receiver_type:, type:)
    elsif receiver_type.is_a?(Types::Span)
      IR::CheckedSpanIndex.new(receiver:, index:, receiver_type:, type:)
    else
      IR::Index.new(receiver:, index:, type:)
    end
  when AST::UnaryOp
    raise LoweringError.new("propagation expressions must be prepared before direct lowering", line: 0, column: 0, path: @ctx.current_analysis_path) if expression.operator == "?"

    operand = lower_expression(expression.operand, env:, expected_type: type)
    expanded = lower_vector_unary_op(expression.operator, operand, type)
    return expanded if expanded

    IR::Unary.new(operator: expression.operator, operand:, type:)
  when AST::BinaryOp
    right_env = binary_right_env(expression, env)
    left_type, right_type = infer_binary_operand_types(expression, env:, expected_type: type)
    operand_type = promoted_binary_operand_type(expression.operator, left_type, right_type)
    left = lower_expression(expression.left, env:, expected_type: operand_type || type)
    right = lower_expression(expression.right, env: right_env, expected_type: operand_type || left.type)
    left = cast_expression(left, operand_type) if operand_type
    right = cast_expression(right, operand_type) if operand_type

    expanded = lower_vector_binary_op(expression.operator, left, left_type, right, right_type, type)
    return expanded if expanded

    IR::Binary.new(operator: expression.operator, left:, right:, type:)
  when AST::IfExpr
    then_env = env_with_refinements(env, flow_refinements(expression.condition, truthy: true, env:))
    else_env = env_with_refinements(env, flow_refinements(expression.condition, truthy: false, env:))
    IR::Conditional.new(
      condition: lower_expression(expression.condition, env:, expected_type: @ctx.types.fetch("bool")),
      then_expression: lower_contextual_expression(expression.then_expression, env: then_env, expected_type: type),
      else_expression: lower_contextual_expression(expression.else_expression, env: else_env, expected_type: type),
      type:,
    )
  when AST::MatchExpr
    raise LoweringError.new("match expressions must be prepared before direct lowering", line: 0, column: 0, path: @ctx.current_analysis_path)
  when AST::UnsafeExpr
    lower_expression(expression.expression, env:, expected_type: type)
  when AST::ProcExpr
    proc_type = type.is_a?(Types::Proc) ? type : infer_expression_type(expression, env:, expected_type: type)
    _setup, value = lower_proc_expression_for_local(expression, env:, local_name: fresh_c_temp_name(env, "proc_expr"), proc_type: proc_type)
    value
  when AST::DetachExpr
    lower_detach_expr(expression, env:)
  when AST::Call
    lower_call(expression, env:, type:)
  when AST::PrefixCast
    lowered_arg = lower_expression(expression.expression, env:)
    IR::Cast.new(target_type: type, expression: lowered_arg, type:)
  when AST::Specialization
    lower_specialization(expression, env:, type:)
  when AST::ExpressionList
    if array_type?(type) || array_type?(expected_type)
      lowered_elements = expression.elements.map do |element|
        if element.is_a?(AST::Argument)
          lower_expression(element.value, env:, expected_type: array_element_type(expected_type || type))
        else
          lower_expression(element, env:, expected_type: array_element_type(expected_type || type))
        end
      end
      IR::ArrayLiteral.new(type: expected_type || type, elements: lowered_elements)
    else
      ensure_tuple_struct(type)
      fields = expression.elements.each_with_index.map do |element, index|
        if element.is_a?(AST::Argument)
          element_type = type.element_types[index]
          field_name = element.name
          IR::AggregateField.new(name: field_name, value: lower_expression(element.value, env:, expected_type: element_type))
        else
          element_type = type.element_types[index]
          IR::AggregateField.new(name: "_#{index}", value: lower_expression(element, env:, expected_type: element_type))
        end
      end
      IR::AggregateLiteral.new(type:, fields:)
    end
  else
    raise LoweringError.new("unsupported expression #{expression.class.name}", line: 0, column: 0, path: @ctx.current_analysis_path)
  end
end

#lower_member_access(expression, env:, type:) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/milk_tea/core/lowering/expressions.rb', line 1448

def lower_member_access(expression, env:, type:)
  if (type_expr = resolve_type_expression(expression.receiver))
    if type_expr.is_a?(Types::Variant)
      return IR::VariantLiteral.new(type: type_expr, arm_name: expression.member, fields: [])
    end

    member_name = if (type_expr.is_a?(Types::Enum) || type_expr.is_a?(Types::Flags)) && !type_expr.external
      enum_member_c_name(type_expr, expression.member)
    else
      expression.member
    end
    return IR::Name.new(name: member_name, type:, pointer: false)
  end

  if expression.receiver.is_a?(AST::Identifier) && @ctx.imports.key?(expression.receiver.name)
    imported_module = @ctx.imports.fetch(expression.receiver.name)
    if imported_module.functions.key?(expression.member)
      function_binding = imported_module.functions.fetch(expression.member)
      raise LoweringError.new("generic function #{expression.receiver.name}.#{expression.member} cannot be used as a value", line: 0, column: 0, path: @ctx.current_analysis_path) if function_binding.type_params.any?
      raise LoweringError.new("foreign function #{expression.receiver.name}.#{expression.member} cannot be used as a value", line: 0, column: 0, path: @ctx.current_analysis_path) if foreign_function_binding?(function_binding)

      return IR::Name.new(name: function_binding_c_name(function_binding, module_name: imported_module.name), type:, pointer: false)
    end

    return IR::Name.new(name: imported_value_c_name(imported_module, expression.member), type:, pointer: false)
  end

    receiver_type = infer_expression_type(expression.receiver, env:)

  if expression.receiver.is_a?(AST::IndexAccess)
    base_type = infer_expression_type(expression.receiver.receiver, env:)
    if base_type.is_a?(Types::SoA)
      return lower_soa_indexed_field_access(expression.receiver.receiver, expression.receiver.index, expression.member, base_type, env:, type:)
    end
  end

  if receiver_type == @ctx.types["field_handle"]
    handle = compile_time_const_value(expression.receiver, env:)
    return lower_compile_time_handle_member(handle, expression.member, type) if handle.is_a?(Types::FieldHandle)
  end
  if receiver_type == @ctx.types["member_handle"]
    handle = compile_time_const_value(expression.receiver, env:)
    return lower_compile_time_handle_member(handle, expression.member, type) if handle.is_a?(Types::MemberHandle)
  end

  if array_type?(receiver_type) && expression.member == "as_span"
    return lower_array_to_span_expression(lower_expression(expression.receiver, env:), type)
  end

  receiver = lower_expression(expression.receiver, env:)
  member_expr = IR::Member.new(receiver:, member: member_c_name(receiver_type, expression.member), type:)
  if self_referencing_variant_field_access?(receiver_type, expression.member, type)
    return IR::Unary.new(operator: "*", operand: member_expr, type:)
  end
  member_expr
end

#lower_soa_indexed_field_access(soa_base, index_expr, field_name, soa_type, env:, type:) ⇒ Object

Raises:



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# File 'lib/milk_tea/core/lowering/expressions.rb', line 1607

def lower_soa_indexed_field_access(soa_base, index_expr, field_name, soa_type, env:, type:)
  field_type = soa_type.fields[field_name]
  raise LoweringError.new("SoA type #{soa_type} has no field #{field_name}", line: 0, column: 0, path: @ctx.current_analysis_path) unless field_type

  receiver = lower_expression(soa_base, env:)
  index = lower_expression(index_expr, env:)
  IR::Index.new(
    receiver: IR::Member.new(receiver:, member: field_name, type: field_type),
    index:,
    type:,
  )
end

#lower_vector_binary_op(operator, left, left_type, right, right_type, result_type) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/milk_tea/core/lowering/expressions.rb', line 1532

def lower_vector_binary_op(operator, left, left_type, right, right_type, result_type)
  return nil unless result_type.is_a?(Types::Vector) || result_type.is_a?(Types::Matrix) || result_type.is_a?(Types::Quaternion)

  if result_type.is_a?(Types::Vector)
    return lower_vector_binary_op_on_vectors(operator, left, left_type, right, right_type, result_type)
  end

  return lower_aggregate_binary_op(operator, left, right, result_type) if operator == "+" || operator == "-"

  return lower_aggregate_binary_op(operator, left, right, result_type) if result_type.is_a?(Types::Quaternion)

  scalar_is_left = !left_type.is_a?(Types::Matrix)
  aggregate_expr = scalar_is_left ? right : left
  scalar_expr = scalar_is_left ? left : right
  scalar_type = scalar_is_left ? left_type : right_type

  fields = result_type.fields.map do |fname, ftype|
    field_expr = IR::Member.new(receiver: aggregate_expr, member: fname, type: ftype)
    left_expr = scalar_is_left ? scalar_expr : field_expr
    right_expr = scalar_is_left ? field_expr : scalar_expr
    value = lower_vector_binary_op(operator, left_expr, ftype, right_expr, scalar_type, ftype) ||
            IR::Binary.new(operator:, left: left_expr, right: right_expr, type: ftype)
    IR::AggregateField.new(name: fname, value:)
  end
  IR::AggregateLiteral.new(fields:, type: result_type)
end

#lower_vector_binary_op_on_vectors(operator, left, left_type, right, right_type, result_type) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/milk_tea/core/lowering/expressions.rb', line 1571

def lower_vector_binary_op_on_vectors(operator, left, left_type, right, right_type, result_type)
  if left_type.is_a?(Types::Vector) && right_type.is_a?(Types::Vector)
    return lower_aggregate_binary_op(operator, left, right, result_type)
  end

  return nil unless operator == "*" || operator == "/"

  scalar_is_left = !left_type.is_a?(Types::Vector)
  vector_expr = scalar_is_left ? right : left
  scalar_expr = scalar_is_left ? left : right

  fields = result_type.fields.map do |fname, ftype|
    field_expr = IR::Member.new(receiver: vector_expr, member: fname, type: ftype)
    left_expr = scalar_is_left ? scalar_expr : field_expr
    right_expr = scalar_is_left ? field_expr : scalar_expr
    value = IR::Binary.new(operator:, left: left_expr, right: right_expr, type: ftype)
    IR::AggregateField.new(name: fname, value:)
  end
  IR::AggregateLiteral.new(fields:, type: result_type)
end

#lower_vector_unary_op(operator, operand, result_type) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/milk_tea/core/lowering/expressions.rb', line 1559

def lower_vector_unary_op(operator, operand, result_type)
  return nil unless result_type.is_a?(Types::Vector) || result_type.is_a?(Types::Matrix) || result_type.is_a?(Types::Quaternion)
  return nil unless operator == "+" || operator == "-"

  fields = result_type.fields.map do |fname, ftype|
    field_expr = IR::Member.new(receiver: operand, member: fname, type: ftype)
    value = lower_vector_unary_op(operator, field_expr, ftype) || IR::Unary.new(operator:, operand: field_expr, type: ftype)
    IR::AggregateField.new(name: fname, value:)
  end
  IR::AggregateLiteral.new(fields:, type: result_type)
end

#materialize_prepared_expression(setup, value, env:, type:, prefix:) ⇒ Object

Raises:



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# File 'lib/milk_tea/core/lowering/expressions.rb', line 1260

def materialize_prepared_expression(setup, value, env:, type:, prefix:)
  raise LoweringError.new("cannot use void expression inline", line: 0, column: 0, path: @ctx.current_analysis_path) unless value

  if value.is_a?(IR::Name)
    register_prepared_temp!(env, value.name, value.type, pointer: value.pointer)
    return [setup, AST::Identifier.new(name: value.name)]
  end

  temp_name = fresh_c_temp_name(env, prefix)
  register_prepared_temp!(env, temp_name, type)
  [
    setup + [IR::LocalDecl.new(name: temp_name, linkage_name: temp_name, type:, value:)],
    AST::Identifier.new(name: temp_name),
  ]
end

#member_c_name(receiver_type, member) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/milk_tea/core/lowering/expressions.rb', line 1620

def member_c_name(receiver_type, member)
  owner_type = receiver_type
  loop do
    case owner_type
    when Types::Nullable
      owner_type = owner_type.base
    when Types::GenericInstance
      if %w[ptr const_ptr own ref].include?(owner_type.name) && owner_type.arguments.length == 1
        owner_type = owner_type.arguments.first
      else
        break
      end
    else
      break
    end
  end

  if (event_type = event_member_from_owner_type(owner_type, member))
    return event_type.hidden_field_name
  end

  owner_type.field_c_name(member)
end

#mt_format_append_c_name(name) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/milk_tea/core/lowering/expressions.rb', line 969

def mt_format_append_c_name(name)
  {
    "append" => "mt_format_append_str",
    "append_cstr" => "mt_format_append_cstr",
    "append_bool" => "mt_format_append_bool",
    "append_float" => "mt_format_append_float",
    "append_double" => "mt_format_append_double",
    "append_ulong_hex" => "mt_format_append_ulong_hex",
    "append_ulong_hex_upper" => "mt_format_append_ulong_hex_upper",
    "append_long_hex" => "mt_format_append_long_hex",
    "append_long_hex_upper" => "mt_format_append_long_hex_upper",
    "append_ulong_oct" => "mt_format_append_ulong_oct",
    "append_long_oct" => "mt_format_append_long_oct",
    "append_ulong_bin" => "mt_format_append_ulong_bin",
    "append_long_bin" => "mt_format_append_long_bin",
    "append_int" => "mt_format_append_int",
    "append_uint" => "mt_format_append_uint",
    "append_ptr_uint" => "mt_format_append_ptr_uint",
    "append_long" => "mt_format_append_long",
    "append_ulong" => "mt_format_append_ulong",
  }.fetch(name)
end

#mt_format_length_c_name(name) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/milk_tea/core/lowering/expressions.rb', line 948

def mt_format_length_c_name(name)
  {
    "append_bool" => "mt_format_bool_len",
    "append_float" => "mt_format_float_len",
    "append_double" => "mt_format_double_len",
    "append_ulong_hex" => "mt_format_ulong_hex_len",
    "append_ulong_hex_upper" => "mt_format_ulong_hex_len",
    "append_long_hex" => "mt_format_long_hex_len",
    "append_long_hex_upper" => "mt_format_long_hex_len",
    "append_ulong_oct" => "mt_format_ulong_oct_len",
    "append_long_oct" => "mt_format_long_oct_len",
    "append_ulong_bin" => "mt_format_ulong_bin_len",
    "append_long_bin" => "mt_format_long_bin_len",
    "append_int" => "mt_format_int_len",
    "append_uint" => "mt_format_uint_len",
    "append_ptr_uint" => "mt_format_ptr_uint_len",
    "append_long" => "mt_format_long_len",
    "append_ulong" => "mt_format_ulong_len",
  }.fetch(name)
end

#prepare_binary_expression_for_inline_lowering(expression, env:, expected_type: nil) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/milk_tea/core/lowering/expressions.rb', line 992

def prepare_binary_expression_for_inline_lowering(expression, env:, expected_type: nil)
  propagated_type = propagating_expected_type(expression.operator, expected_type)
  left_type, right_type = infer_binary_operand_types(expression, env:, expected_type:)
  operand_type = promoted_binary_operand_type(expression.operator, left_type, right_type)
  left_setup, left = prepare_expression_for_inline_lowering(expression.left, env:, expected_type: operand_type || propagated_type || left_type)
  right_env = binary_right_env(expression, env)
  right_setup, right = prepare_expression_for_inline_lowering(expression.right, env: right_env, expected_type: operand_type || left_type)

  unless %w[and or].include?(expression.operator)
    return [
      left_setup + right_setup,
      AST::BinaryOp.new(operator: expression.operator, left:, right:),
    ]
  end

  return [[], expression] if left_setup.empty? && right_setup.empty?

  result_type = infer_expression_type(expression, env:, expected_type:)
  result_name = fresh_c_temp_name(env, expression.operator)
  register_prepared_temp!(env, result_name, result_type)
  result_ref = IR::Name.new(name: result_name, type: result_type, pointer: false)
  left_value = lower_contextual_expression(left, env:, expected_type: result_type)
  right_value = lower_contextual_expression(right, env: right_env, expected_type: result_type)
  branch_condition = expression.operator == "and" ? result_ref : IR::Unary.new(operator: "not", operand: result_ref, type: @ctx.types.fetch("bool"))

  [
    left_setup + [
      IR::LocalDecl.new(name: result_name, linkage_name: result_name, type: result_type, value: left_value),
      IR::IfStmt.new(
        condition: branch_condition,
        then_body: right_setup + [IR::Assignment.new(target: result_ref, operator: "=", value: right_value)],
        else_body: nil,
      ),
    ],
    AST::Identifier.new(name: result_name),
  ]
end

#prepare_call_expression_for_inline_lowering(expression, env:, expected_type: nil, allow_root_statement_foreign: false, materialize_array_calls: true) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/milk_tea/core/lowering/expressions.rb', line 75

def prepare_call_expression_for_inline_lowering(expression, env:, expected_type: nil, allow_root_statement_foreign: false, materialize_array_calls: true)
  kind, _callee_name, _receiver, callee_type, binding = resolve_callee(expression.callee, env, arguments: expression.arguments)

  if binding && binding.respond_to?(:ast) && kind != :variant_arm_ctor && foreign_function_binding?(binding) && !allow_root_statement_foreign && foreign_call_requires_statement_lowering?(expression, binding, env:)
    type = infer_expression_type(expression, env:, expected_type:)
    setup, value = lower_foreign_call_statement({ call: expression, binding: binding }, env:, expected_type: type, statement_position: false)
    return materialize_prepared_expression(setup, value, env:, type:, prefix: "foreign_expr")
  end

  callee_setup, callee = prepare_expression_for_inline_lowering(expression.callee, env:)
  argument_setup = []
  arguments = expression.arguments.map.with_index do |argument, index|
    expected_arg_type = kind == :function || kind == :method || kind == :associated_method || kind == :callable_value ?
      (index < callee_type.params.length ? callee_type.params[index].type : nil) : nil
    argument_value = argument.value
    argument_value = wrap_task_expression_in_root_proc(argument_value, env:) if task_expression_root_proc_bridge?(argument_value, expected_arg_type, env:)
    argument_value = wrap_expression_in_ref_of(argument_value) if implicit_ref_argument_bridge?(argument_value, expected_arg_type, env:)
    setup, prepared_value = prepare_expression_for_inline_lowering(argument_value, env:, expected_type: expected_arg_type)
    argument_setup.concat(setup)
    AST::Argument.new(name: argument.name, value: prepared_value)
  end

  prepared_call = AST::Call.new(callee:, arguments:)
  return [callee_setup + argument_setup, prepared_call] unless materialize_array_calls && callee_type.respond_to?(:return_type) && array_type?(callee_type.return_type)

  call_type = infer_expression_type(prepared_call, env:, expected_type:)
  materialize_prepared_expression(
    callee_setup + argument_setup,
    lower_expression(prepared_call, env:, expected_type: call_type),
    env:,
    type: call_type,
    prefix: "array_call",
  )
end

#prepare_expression_for_inline_lowering(expression, env:, expected_type: nil, allow_root_statement_foreign: false, materialize_array_calls: true, allow_void_propagation: false) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/milk_tea/core/lowering/expressions.rb', line 21

def prepare_expression_for_inline_lowering(expression, env:, expected_type: nil, allow_root_statement_foreign: false, materialize_array_calls: true, allow_void_propagation: false)
  return [[], expression] unless expression

  if expression.is_a?(AST::Call) &&
      (foreign_call = foreign_call_info(expression, env)) && !allow_root_statement_foreign &&
      foreign_call_requires_statement_lowering?(expression, foreign_call[:binding], env:)
    type = infer_expression_type(expression, env:, expected_type:)
    setup, value = lower_foreign_call_statement(foreign_call, env:, expected_type: type, statement_position: false)
    return materialize_prepared_expression(setup, value, env:, type:, prefix: "foreign_expr")
  end

  case expression
  when AST::FormatString
    prepare_format_string_expression_for_inline_lowering(expression, env:)
  when AST::MemberAccess
    receiver_setup, receiver = prepare_expression_for_inline_lowering(expression.receiver, env:)
    [receiver_setup, AST::MemberAccess.new(receiver:, member: expression.member)]
  when AST::IndexAccess
    receiver_setup, receiver = prepare_expression_for_inline_lowering(expression.receiver, env:)
    index_setup, index = prepare_expression_for_inline_lowering(expression.index, env:)
    [receiver_setup + index_setup, AST::IndexAccess.new(receiver:, index:)]
  when AST::UnaryOp
    return prepare_result_propagation_for_inline_lowering(expression, env:, allow_void_success: allow_void_propagation) if expression.operator == "?"

    operand_setup, operand = prepare_expression_for_inline_lowering(expression.operand, env:, expected_type:)
    [operand_setup, AST::UnaryOp.new(operator: expression.operator, operand:)]
  when AST::BinaryOp
    prepare_binary_expression_for_inline_lowering(expression, env:, expected_type:)
  when AST::IfExpr
    prepare_if_expression_for_inline_lowering(expression, env:, expected_type:)
  when AST::MatchExpr
    prepare_match_expression_for_inline_lowering(expression, env:, expected_type:)
  when AST::UnsafeExpr
    prepare_expression_for_inline_lowering(expression.expression, env:, expected_type:)
  when AST::Call
    prepare_call_expression_for_inline_lowering(
      expression,
      env:,
      expected_type:,
      allow_root_statement_foreign:,
      materialize_array_calls:,
    )
  when AST::ProcExpr
    proc_type = infer_expression_type(expression, env:, expected_type:)
    setup, value = lower_proc_expression_for_local(expression, env:, local_name: fresh_c_temp_name(env, "proc_expr"), proc_type: proc_type)
    materialize_prepared_expression(setup, value, env:, type: proc_type, prefix: "proc_expr")
  when AST::PrefixCast
    setup, prepared_expr = prepare_expression_for_inline_lowering(expression.expression, env:, expected_type:)
    [setup, AST::PrefixCast.new(target_type: expression.target_type, expression: prepared_expr)]
  else
    [[], expression]
  end
end

#prepare_expression_with_cleanups(expression, env:, expected_type: nil, allow_root_statement_foreign: false, materialize_array_calls: true, allow_void_propagation: false) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/milk_tea/core/lowering/expressions.rb', line 5

def prepare_expression_with_cleanups(expression, env:, expected_type: nil, allow_root_statement_foreign: false, materialize_array_calls: true, allow_void_propagation: false)
  env[:prepared_expression_cleanups] ||= []
  start_index = env[:prepared_expression_cleanups].length
  setup, prepared_expression = prepare_expression_for_inline_lowering(
    expression,
    env:,
    expected_type:,
    allow_root_statement_foreign:,
    materialize_array_calls:,
    allow_void_propagation:,
  )
  cleanup_count = env[:prepared_expression_cleanups].length - start_index
  cleanups = cleanup_count.positive? ? env[:prepared_expression_cleanups].slice!(start_index, cleanup_count) : []
  [setup, prepared_expression, cleanups || []]
end

#prepare_format_string_expression_for_inline_lowering(format_string, env:) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/milk_tea/core/lowering/expressions.rb', line 110

def prepare_format_string_expression_for_inline_lowering(format_string, env:)
  unless format_string_has_dynamic_parts?(format_string)
    return [[], AST::StringLiteral.new(lexeme: "", value: format_string_static_text(format_string), cstring: false)]
  end

  setup, temp_name = build_dynamic_format_string_temp_setup(format_string, env:)
  temp_value = IR::Name.new(name: temp_name, type: @ctx.types.fetch("str"), pointer: false)
  (env[:prepared_expression_cleanups] ||= []) << [
    IR::ExpressionStmt.new(
      expression: IR::Call.new(
        callee: "mt_format_str_release",
        arguments: [temp_value],
        type: @ctx.types.fetch("void"),
      ),
    ),
  ]

  [setup, AST::Identifier.new(name: temp_name)]
end

#prepare_if_expression_for_inline_lowering(expression, env:, expected_type: nil) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/milk_tea/core/lowering/expressions.rb', line 1066

def prepare_if_expression_for_inline_lowering(expression, env:, expected_type: nil)
  condition_setup, condition = prepare_expression_for_inline_lowering(expression.condition, env:, expected_type: @ctx.types.fetch("bool"))
  then_env = env_with_refinements(env, flow_refinements(expression.condition, truthy: true, env:))
  else_env = env_with_refinements(env, flow_refinements(expression.condition, truthy: false, env:))
  result_type = infer_expression_type(expression, env:, expected_type:)
  then_setup, then_expression = prepare_expression_for_inline_lowering(expression.then_expression, env: then_env, expected_type: result_type)
  else_setup, else_expression = prepare_expression_for_inline_lowering(expression.else_expression, env: else_env, expected_type: result_type)

  return [[], expression] if condition_setup.empty? && then_setup.empty? && else_setup.empty?

  result_name = fresh_c_temp_name(env, "if_expr")
  register_prepared_temp!(env, result_name, result_type)
  result_ref = IR::Name.new(name: result_name, type: result_type, pointer: false)

  [
    condition_setup + [
      IR::LocalDecl.new(name: result_name, linkage_name: result_name, type: result_type, value: IR::ZeroInit.new(type: result_type)),
      IR::IfStmt.new(
        condition: lower_expression(condition, env:, expected_type: @ctx.types.fetch("bool")),
        then_body: then_setup + [
          IR::Assignment.new(
            target: result_ref,
            operator: "=",
            value: lower_contextual_expression(then_expression, env: then_env, expected_type: result_type),
          ),
        ],
        else_body: else_setup + [
          IR::Assignment.new(
            target: result_ref,
            operator: "=",
            value: lower_contextual_expression(else_expression, env: else_env, expected_type: result_type),
          ),
        ],
      ),
    ],
    AST::Identifier.new(name: result_name),
  ]
end

#prepare_match_expression_for_inline_lowering(expression, env:, expected_type: nil) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/milk_tea/core/lowering/expressions.rb', line 1105

def prepare_match_expression_for_inline_lowering(expression, env:, expected_type: nil)
  scrutinee_type = infer_expression_type(expression.expression, env:)
  expression_setup, prepared_expression = prepare_expression_for_inline_lowering(expression.expression, env:, expected_type: scrutinee_type)
  result_type = infer_expression_type(expression, env:, expected_type:)
  result_name = fresh_c_temp_name(env, "match_expr")
  register_prepared_temp!(env, result_name, result_type)
  result_ref = IR::Name.new(name: result_name, type: result_type, pointer: false)
  setup = expression_setup + [IR::LocalDecl.new(name: result_name, linkage_name: result_name, type: result_type, value: IR::ZeroInit.new(type: result_type))]
  lowered_expression = lower_expression(prepared_expression, env:, expected_type: scrutinee_type)

  if scrutinee_type.is_a?(Types::Variant) &&
      expression.arms.any? { |arm| arm.binding_name && !wildcard_arm_pattern?(arm.pattern) } &&
      !duplicable_foreign_argument_expression?(lowered_expression)
    scrutinee_name = fresh_c_temp_name(env, "match_value")
    setup << IR::LocalDecl.new(name: scrutinee_name, linkage_name: scrutinee_name, type: scrutinee_type, value: lowered_expression)
    lowered_expression = IR::Name.new(name: scrutinee_name, type: scrutinee_type, pointer: false)
  end

  switch_expression = lowered_expression
  string_if_chain = nil
  range_if_chain = nil
  cases = if scrutinee_type.is_a?(Types::Variant)
    kind_type = @ctx.types.fetch("int")
    switch_expression = IR::Member.new(receiver: lowered_expression, member: "kind", type: kind_type)
    expression.arms.map do |arm|
      arm_env = duplicate_env(env)
      binding_decl = if arm.binding_name && !wildcard_arm_pattern?(arm.pattern)
        arm_name = variant_match_arm_name_from_pattern(arm.pattern)
        if arm_name && scrutinee_type.has_payload?(arm_name)
          fields = scrutinee_type.arm(arm_name)
          payload_type = Types::VariantArmPayload.new(scrutinee_type, arm_name, fields)
          data_expr = IR::Member.new(receiver: lowered_expression, member: "data", type: nil)
          arm_expr = IR::Member.new(receiver: data_expr, member: arm_name, type: payload_type)
          binding_c = c_local_name(arm.binding_name)
          arm_env[:scopes].last[arm.binding_name] = local_binding(type: payload_type, linkage_name: binding_c, mutable: false, pointer: false)
          IR::LocalDecl.new(name: arm.binding_name, linkage_name: binding_c, type: payload_type, value: arm_expr)
        end
      end
      value_setup, prepared_value = prepare_expression_for_inline_lowering(arm.value, env: arm_env, expected_type: result_type)
      body = [binding_decl, *value_setup].compact
      body << IR::Assignment.new(target: result_ref, operator: "=", value: lower_contextual_expression(prepared_value, env: arm_env, expected_type: result_type))
      if wildcard_arm_pattern?(arm.pattern)
        IR::SwitchDefaultCase.new(body: body)
      else
        arm_name = variant_match_arm_name_from_pattern(arm.pattern)
        IR::SwitchCase.new(value: IR::Name.new(name: enum_member_c_name(scrutinee_type, "kind_#{arm_name}"), type: kind_type, pointer: false), body: body)
      end
    end
  elsif scrutinee_type.is_a?(Types::StringView)
    bool_type = @ctx.types.fetch("bool")
    wildcard = expression.arms.find { |arm| wildcard_arm_pattern?(arm.pattern) }
    non_wildcard = expression.arms.reject { |arm| wildcard_arm_pattern?(arm.pattern) }
    else_body = if wildcard
      arm_env = duplicate_env(env)
      value_setup, prepared_value = prepare_expression_for_inline_lowering(wildcard.value, env: arm_env, expected_type: result_type)
      value_setup + [IR::Assignment.new(target: result_ref, operator: "=", value: lower_contextual_expression(prepared_value, env: arm_env, expected_type: result_type))]
    else
      []
    end
    non_wildcard.reverse_each do |arm|
      arm_env = duplicate_env(env)
      value_setup, prepared_value = prepare_expression_for_inline_lowering(arm.value, env: arm_env, expected_type: result_type)
      then_body = value_setup + [IR::Assignment.new(target: result_ref, operator: "=", value: lower_contextual_expression(prepared_value, env: arm_env, expected_type: result_type))]
      lit = lower_expression(arm.pattern, env: arm_env, expected_type: scrutinee_type)
      cond = IR::Binary.new(operator: "==", left: lowered_expression, right: lit, type: bool_type)
      else_body = [IR::IfStmt.new(condition: cond, then_body:, else_body:)]
    end
    string_if_chain = else_body
    nil
  elsif scrutinee_type.is_a?(Types::Tuple)
    bool_type = @ctx.types.fetch("bool")
    wildcard = expression.arms.find { |arm| wildcard_arm_pattern?(arm.pattern) }
    non_wildcard = expression.arms.reject { |arm| wildcard_arm_pattern?(arm.pattern) }
    else_body = if wildcard
      arm_env = duplicate_env(env)
      value_setup, prepared_value = prepare_expression_for_inline_lowering(wildcard.value, env: arm_env, expected_type: result_type)
      value_setup + [IR::Assignment.new(target: result_ref, operator: "=", value: lower_contextual_expression(prepared_value, env: arm_env, expected_type: result_type))]
    else
      []
    end
    non_wildcard.reverse_each do |arm|
      arm_env = duplicate_env(env)
      value_setup, prepared_value = prepare_expression_for_inline_lowering(arm.value, env: arm_env, expected_type: result_type)
      then_body = value_setup + [IR::Assignment.new(target: result_ref, operator: "=", value: lower_contextual_expression(prepared_value, env: arm_env, expected_type: result_type))]
      cond = tuple_arm_condition(arm, lowered_expression, scrutinee_type, bool_type, env: arm_env)
      else_body = [IR::IfStmt.new(condition: cond, then_body:, else_body:)]
    end
    string_if_chain = else_body
    nil
  else
    has_range_arms = expression.arms.any? { |arm| arm.pattern.is_a?(AST::RangeExpr) }

    if has_range_arms
      bool_type = @ctx.types.fetch("bool")
      non_wildcard = expression.arms.reject { |arm| wildcard_arm_pattern?(arm.pattern) }
      wildcard = expression.arms.find { |arm| wildcard_arm_pattern?(arm.pattern) }
      else_body = []
      if wildcard
        wildcard_env = duplicate_env(env)
        wildcard_value_setup, wildcard_prepared = prepare_expression_for_inline_lowering(wildcard.value, env: wildcard_env, expected_type: result_type)
        else_body = wildcard_value_setup + [IR::Assignment.new(target: result_ref, operator: "=", value: lower_contextual_expression(wildcard_prepared, env: wildcard_env, expected_type: result_type))]
      end
      non_wildcard.reverse_each do |arm|
        arm_env = duplicate_env(env)
        value_setup, prepared_value = prepare_expression_for_inline_lowering(arm.value, env: arm_env, expected_type: result_type)
        then_body = value_setup + [IR::Assignment.new(target: result_ref, operator: "=", value: lower_contextual_expression(prepared_value, env: arm_env, expected_type: result_type))]
        cond = if arm.pattern.is_a?(AST::RangeExpr)
          lower_range_match_condition(arm.pattern, switch_expression, bool_type, env: arm_env)
        else
          lit = lower_expression(arm.pattern, env: arm_env, expected_type: scrutinee_type)
          IR::Binary.new(operator: "==", left: switch_expression, right: lit, type: bool_type)
        end
        else_body = [IR::IfStmt.new(condition: cond, then_body:, else_body:)]
      end
      range_if_chain = else_body
      nil
    else
      expression.arms.map do |arm|
        arm_env = duplicate_env(env)
        value_setup, prepared_value = prepare_expression_for_inline_lowering(arm.value, env: arm_env, expected_type: result_type)
        body = value_setup + [IR::Assignment.new(target: result_ref, operator: "=", value: lower_contextual_expression(prepared_value, env: arm_env, expected_type: result_type))]
        if wildcard_arm_pattern?(arm.pattern)
          IR::SwitchDefaultCase.new(body: body)
        else
          IR::SwitchCase.new(value: lower_expression(arm.pattern, env: arm_env, expected_type: scrutinee_type), body: body)
        end
      end
    end
  end

  if string_if_chain
    [setup + string_if_chain, AST::Identifier.new(name: result_name)]
  elsif range_if_chain
    [setup + range_if_chain, AST::Identifier.new(name: result_name)]
  else
    [setup + [IR::SwitchStmt.new(expression: switch_expression, cases: cases, exhaustive: true)], AST::Identifier.new(name: result_name)]
  end
end

#prepare_result_propagation_for_inline_lowering(expression, env:, allow_void_success: false) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/milk_tea/core/lowering/expressions.rb', line 1671

def prepare_result_propagation_for_inline_lowering(expression, env:, allow_void_success: false)
  storage_type, success_type, return_type, error_type = infer_result_propagation_types(expression, env:, allow_void_success:)
  is_option = option_let_else_type?(storage_type)

  env[:prepared_expression_cleanups] ||= []
  cleanup_start = env[:prepared_expression_cleanups].length
  operand_setup, operand = prepare_expression_for_inline_lowering(expression.operand, env:, expected_type: storage_type)
  operand_cleanups = env[:prepared_expression_cleanups].drop(cleanup_start)

  result_name = fresh_c_temp_name(env, "propagate")
  result_ref = IR::Name.new(name: result_name, type: storage_type, pointer: false)
  return_context = env.fetch(:return_context)
  failure_return = if storage_type == return_type
    result_ref
  elsif is_option
    IR::VariantLiteral.new(
      type: return_type,
      arm_name: "none",
      fields: [],
    )
  else
    IR::VariantLiteral.new(
      type: return_type,
      arm_name: "failure",
      fields: [
        IR::AggregateField.new(
          name: "error",
          value: variant_binding_projection_expression(result_ref, storage_type, "failure", "error", error_type),
        ),
      ],
    )
  end
  failure_cleanup = operand_cleanups.flat_map(&:itself)
  failure_terminator = if return_context[:async_info]
    failure_cleanup +
      lower_async_cleanup_entries(
        return_context[:local_defers],
        return_context[:active_defers],
        frame_expr: return_context.fetch(:frame_expr),
        raw_frame_expr: return_context.fetch(:raw_frame_expr),
        async_info: return_context.fetch(:async_info),
      ) +
      async_complete_statements(
        frame_expr: return_context.fetch(:frame_expr),
        raw_frame_expr: return_context.fetch(:raw_frame_expr),
        async_info: return_context.fetch(:async_info),
        value: failure_return,
      )
  else
    failure_cleanup +
      cleanup_statements(return_context[:local_defers], return_context[:active_defers]) +
      [IR::ReturnStmt.new(value: failure_return, path: @ctx.current_analysis_path)]
  end

  if success_type == @ctx.types.fetch("void")
    return [
      operand_setup + [
        IR::LocalDecl.new(
          name: result_name,
          linkage_name: result_name,
          type: storage_type,
          value: lower_contextual_expression(operand, env:, expected_type: storage_type),
        ),
        IR::IfStmt.new(
          condition: let_else_failure_condition(result_ref, storage_type),
          then_body: failure_terminator,
          else_body: nil,
        ),
      ],
      nil,
    ]
  end

  projection = is_option ? :option_some_value : :result_success_value
  register_prepared_temp!(env, result_name, success_type, storage_type:, projection:)

  [
    operand_setup + [
      IR::LocalDecl.new(
        name: result_name,
        linkage_name: result_name,
        type: storage_type,
        value: lower_contextual_expression(operand, env:, expected_type: storage_type),
      ),
      IR::IfStmt.new(
        condition: let_else_failure_condition(result_ref, storage_type),
        then_body: failure_terminator,
        else_body: nil,
      ),
    ],
    AST::Identifier.new(name: result_name),
  ]
end

#register_prepared_temp!(env, name, type, pointer: false, storage_type: nil, projection: nil, cstr_backed: false, cstr_list_backed: false) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/milk_tea/core/lowering/expressions.rb', line 1276

def register_prepared_temp!(env, name, type, pointer: false, storage_type: nil, projection: nil, cstr_backed: false, cstr_list_backed: false)
  current_actual_scope(env[:scopes])[name] = local_binding(type:, storage_type:, linkage_name: name, mutable: false, pointer:, projection:, cstr_backed:, cstr_list_backed:)
end

#resolve_type_ref_with_fallback(type_ref, env:) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/milk_tea/core/lowering/expressions.rb', line 1644

def resolve_type_ref_with_fallback(type_ref, env:)
  resolve_type_ref(type_ref)
rescue LoweringError
  return unless type_ref.name.parts.length >= 1

  expression = build_expression_from_qualified_name(type_ref.name)
  return unless expression

  ct_value = compile_time_const_value(expression, env:)
  if ct_value.is_a?(Types::Struct) || ct_value.is_a?(Types::Primitive) ||
      ct_value.is_a?(Types::Union) || ct_value.is_a?(Types::Nullable) ||
      ct_value.is_a?(Types::StructInstance)
    ct_value
  end
end

#sanitize_type_name_for_tuple(type) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/milk_tea/core/lowering/expressions.rb', line 1062

def sanitize_type_name_for_tuple(type)
  type.to_s.gsub(/[^a-zA-Z0-9]/, "_").gsub(/_+/, "_").gsub(/^_|_$/, "")
end

#self_referencing_variant_field_access?(receiver_type, member, field_type) ⇒ Boolean

Returns:

  • (Boolean) 


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# File 'lib/milk_tea/core/lowering/expressions.rb', line 1505

def self_referencing_variant_field_access?(receiver_type, member, field_type)
  return false unless receiver_type.is_a?(Types::VariantArmPayload)

  outer = receiver_type.variant_type
  return field_type == outer if outer.is_a?(Types::Variant)
  return field_type == outer if outer.is_a?(Types::VariantInstance)

  false
end

#tuple_arm_condition(arm, lowered_expression, scrutinee_type, bool_type, env:) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/milk_tea/core/lowering/expressions.rb', line 1244

def tuple_arm_condition(arm, lowered_expression, scrutinee_type, bool_type, env:)
  elements = arm.pattern.elements
  element_types = scrutinee_type.element_types
  field_names = scrutinee_type.field_names

  conds = elements.each_with_index.filter_map do |elem, index|
    next if elem.is_a?(AST::Identifier) && elem.name == "_"

    field_expr = IR::Member.new(receiver: lowered_expression, member: field_names[index], type: element_types[index])
    lit = lower_expression(elem, env:, expected_type: element_types[index])
    IR::Binary.new(operator: "==", left: field_expr, right: lit, type: bool_type)
  end

  conds.reduce { |acc, cond| IR::Binary.new(operator: "and", left: acc, right: cond, type: bool_type) }
end

#tuple_type_name(type) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/milk_tea/core/lowering/expressions.rb', line 1052

def tuple_type_name(type)
  sanitized = type.element_types.map { |et| sanitize_type_name_for_tuple(et) }.join("_")
  base = "mt_tuple_#{sanitized}"
  default_names = type.element_types.each_with_index.map { |_, i| "_#{i}" }
  if type.field_names != default_names
    base << "_" << type.field_names.map { |n| sanitize_type_name_for_tuple(n) }.join("_")
  end
  base
end