Class: ActionController::Parameters

Inherits:
Object
  • Object
show all
Defined in:
lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb

Overview

Action Controller Parameters

Allows you to choose which attributes should be permitted for mass updating and thus prevent accidentally exposing that which shouldn't be exposed. Provides two methods for this purpose: #require and #permit. The former is used to mark parameters as required. The latter is used to set the parameter as permitted and limit which attributes should be allowed for mass updating.

params = ActionController::Parameters.new({
  person: {
    name: "Francesco",
    age:  22,
    role: "admin"
  }
})

permitted = params.require(:person).permit(:name, :age)
permitted            # => #<ActionController::Parameters {"name"=>"Francesco", "age"=>22} permitted: true>
permitted.permitted? # => true

Person.first.update!(permitted)
# => #<Person id: 1, name: "Francesco", age: 22, role: "user">

It provides two options that controls the top-level behavior of new instances:

  • permit_all_parameters - If it's true, all the parameters will be permitted by default. The default is false.

  • action_on_unpermitted_parameters - Controls behavior when parameters that are not explicitly

    permitted are found. The default value is <tt>:log</tt> in test and development environments,
+false+ otherwise. The values can be:

    • false to take no action.

    • :log to emit an ActiveSupport::Notifications.instrument event on the unpermitted_parameters.action_controller topic and log at the DEBUG level.

    • :raise to raise a ActionController::UnpermittedParameters exception.

Examples:

params = ActionController::Parameters.new
params.permitted? # => false

ActionController::Parameters.permit_all_parameters = true

params = ActionController::Parameters.new
params.permitted? # => true

params = ActionController::Parameters.new(a: "123", b: "456")
params.permit(:c)
# => #<ActionController::Parameters {} permitted: true>

ActionController::Parameters.action_on_unpermitted_parameters = :raise

params = ActionController::Parameters.new(a: "123", b: "456")
params.permit(:c)
# => ActionController::UnpermittedParameters: found unpermitted keys: a, b

Please note that these options *are not thread-safe*. In a multi-threaded environment they should only be set once at boot-time and never mutated at runtime.

You can fetch values of ActionController::Parameters using either :key or "key".

params = ActionController::Parameters.new(key: "value")
params[:key]  # => "value"
params["key"] # => "value"

Class Method Summary collapse

Instance Method Summary collapse

Constructor Details

#initialize(parameters = {}, logging_context = {}) ⇒ Parameters

Returns a new instance of ActionController::Parameters. Also, sets the permitted attribute to the default value of ActionController::Parameters.permit_all_parameters.

class Person < ActiveRecord::Base
end

params = ActionController::Parameters.new(name: "Francesco")
params.permitted?  # => false
Person.new(params) # => ActiveModel::ForbiddenAttributesError

ActionController::Parameters.permit_all_parameters = true

params = ActionController::Parameters.new(name: "Francesco")
params.permitted?  # => true
Person.new(params) # => #<Person id: nil, name: "Francesco">



267
268
269
270
271
 
# File 'lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 267

def initialize(parameters = {}, logging_context = {})
  @parameters = parameters.with_indifferent_access
  @logging_context = logging_context
  @permitted = self.class.permit_all_parameters
end

Class Method Details

.hook_into_yaml_loading ⇒ Object

:nodoc:



884
885
886
887
888
889
890
 
# File 'lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 884

def self.hook_into_yaml_loading # :nodoc:
  # Wire up YAML format compatibility with Rails 4.2 and Psych 2.0.8 and 2.0.9+.
  # Makes the YAML parser call `init_with` when it encounters the keys below
  # instead of trying its own parsing routines.
  YAML.load_tags["!ruby/hash-with-ivars:ActionController::Parameters"] = name
  YAML.load_tags["!ruby/hash:ActionController::Parameters"] = name
end

.nested_attribute?(key, value) ⇒ Boolean

:nodoc:

Returns:

  • (Boolean) 


246
247
248
 
# File 'lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 246

def nested_attribute?(key, value) # :nodoc:
  /\A-?\d+\z/.match?(key) && (value.is_a?(Hash) || value.is_a?(Parameters))
end

Instance Method Details

#==(other) ⇒ Object Also known as: eql?

Returns true if another Parameters object contains the same content and permitted flag.



275
276
277
278
279
280
281
 
# File 'lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 275

def ==(other)
  if other.respond_to?(:permitted?)
    permitted? == other.permitted? && parameters == other.parameters
  else
    @parameters == other
  end
end

#[](key) ⇒ Object

Returns a parameter for the given key. If not found, returns nil.

params = ActionController::Parameters.new(person: { name: "Francesco" })
params[:person] # => #<ActionController::Parameters {"name"=>"Francesco"} permitted: false>
params[:none]   # => nil



638
639
640
 
# File 'lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 638

def [](key)
  convert_hashes_to_parameters(key, @parameters[key])
end

#[]=(key, value) ⇒ Object

Assigns a value to a given key. The given key may still get filtered out when permit is called.



644
645
646
 
# File 'lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 644

def []=(key, value)
  @parameters[key] = value
end

#compact ⇒ Object

Returns a new instance of ActionController::Parameters with nil values removed.



814
815
816
 
# File 'lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 814

def compact
  new_instance_with_inherited_permitted_status(@parameters.compact)
end

#compact! ⇒ Object

Removes all nil values in place and returns self, or nil if no changes were made.



819
820
821
 
# File 'lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 819

def compact!
  self if @parameters.compact!
end

#compact_blank ⇒ Object

Returns a new instance of ActionController::Parameters without the blank values. Uses Object#blank? for determining if a value is blank.



825
826
827
 
# File 'lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 825

def compact_blank
  reject { |_k, v| v.blank? }
end

#compact_blank! ⇒ Object

Removes all blank values in place and returns self. Uses Object#blank? for determining if a value is blank.



831
832
833
 
# File 'lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 831

def compact_blank!
  reject! { |_k, v| v.blank? }
end

#converted_arrays ⇒ Object

Attribute that keeps track of converted arrays, if any, to avoid double looping in the common use case permit + mass-assignment. Defined in a method to instantiate it only if needed.

Testing membership still loops, but it's going to be faster than our own loop that converts values. Also, we are not going to build a new array object per fetch.



402
403
404
 
# File 'lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 402

def converted_arrays
  @converted_arrays ||= Set.new
end

#deep_dup ⇒ Object

Returns duplicate of object including all parameters.



916
917
918
919
920
 
# File 'lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 916

def deep_dup
  self.class.new(@parameters.deep_dup, @logging_context).tap do |duplicate|
    duplicate.permitted = @permitted
  end
end

#deep_transform_keys(&block) ⇒ Object

Returns a new ActionController::Parameters instance with the results of running block once for every key. This includes the keys from the root hash and from all nested hashes and arrays. The values are unchanged.



765
766
767
768
769
 
# File 'lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 765

def deep_transform_keys(&block)
  new_instance_with_inherited_permitted_status(
    @parameters.deep_transform_keys(&block)
  )
end

#deep_transform_keys!(&block) ⇒ Object

Returns the ActionController::Parameters instance changing its keys. This includes the keys from the root hash and from all nested hashes and arrays. The values are unchanged.



774
775
776
777
 
# File 'lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 774

def deep_transform_keys!(&block)
  @parameters.deep_transform_keys!(&block)
  self
end

#delete(key, &block) ⇒ Object

Deletes a key-value pair from Parameters and returns the value. If key is not found, returns nil (or, with optional code block, yields key and returns the result). Cf. #extract!, which returns the corresponding ActionController::Parameters object.



783
784
785
 
# File 'lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 783

def delete(key, &block)
  convert_value_to_parameters(@parameters.delete(key, &block))
end

#dig(*keys) ⇒ Object

Extracts the nested parameter from the given keys by calling dig at each step. Returns nil if any intermediate step is nil.

params = ActionController::Parameters.new(foo: { bar: { baz: 1 } })
params.dig(:foo, :bar, :baz) # => 1
params.dig(:foo, :zot, :xyz) # => nil

params2 = ActionController::Parameters.new(foo: [10, 11, 12])
params2.dig(:foo, 1) # => 11



682
683
684
685
 
# File 'lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 682

def dig(*keys)
  convert_hashes_to_parameters(keys.first, @parameters[keys.first])
  @parameters.dig(*keys)
end

#each_pair(&block) ⇒ Object Also known as: each

Convert all hashes in values into parameters, then yield each pair in the same way as Hash#each_pair.



374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
 
# File 'lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 374

def each_pair(&block)
  return to_enum(__callee__) unless block_given?
  @parameters.each_pair do |key, value|
    yield [key, convert_hashes_to_parameters(key, value)]
  end

  self
end

#each_value(&block) ⇒ Object

Convert all hashes in values into parameters, then yield each value in the same way as Hash#each_value.



386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
 
# File 'lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 386

def each_value(&block)
  return to_enum(:each_value) unless block_given?
  @parameters.each_pair do |key, value|
    yield convert_hashes_to_parameters(key, value)
  end

  self
end

#encode_with(coder) ⇒ Object

:nodoc:



911
912
913
 
# File 'lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 911

def encode_with(coder) # :nodoc:
  coder.map = { "parameters" => @parameters, "permitted" => @permitted }
end

#except(*keys) ⇒ Object

Returns a new ActionController::Parameters instance that filters out the given keys.

params = ActionController::Parameters.new(a: 1, b: 2, c: 3)
params.except(:a, :b) # => #<ActionController::Parameters {"c"=>3} permitted: false>
params.except(:d)     # => #<ActionController::Parameters {"a"=>1, "b"=>2, "c"=>3} permitted: false>



711
712
713
 
# File 'lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 711

def except(*keys)
  new_instance_with_inherited_permitted_status(@parameters.except(*keys))
end

#extract!(*keys) ⇒ Object

Removes and returns the key/value pairs matching the given keys.

params = ActionController::Parameters.new(a: 1, b: 2, c: 3)
params.extract!(:a, :b) # => #<ActionController::Parameters {"a"=>1, "b"=>2} permitted: false>
params                  # => #<ActionController::Parameters {"c"=>3} permitted: false>



720
721
722
 
# File 'lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 720

def extract!(*keys)
  new_instance_with_inherited_permitted_status(@parameters.extract!(*keys))
end

#fetch(key, *args) ⇒ Object

Returns a parameter for the given key. If the key can't be found, there are several options: With no other arguments, it will raise an ActionController::ParameterMissing error; if a second argument is given, then that is returned (converted to an instance of ActionController::Parameters if possible); if a block is given, then that will be run and its result returned.

params = ActionController::Parameters.new(person: { name: "Francesco" })
params.fetch(:person)               # => #<ActionController::Parameters {"name"=>"Francesco"} permitted: false>
params.fetch(:none)                 # => ActionController::ParameterMissing: param is missing or the value is empty: none
params.fetch(:none, {})             # => #<ActionController::Parameters {} permitted: false>
params.fetch(:none, "Francesco")    # => "Francesco"
params.fetch(:none) { "Francesco" } # => "Francesco"



661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
 
# File 'lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 661

def fetch(key, *args)
  convert_value_to_parameters(
    @parameters.fetch(key) {
      if block_given?
        yield
      else
        args.fetch(0) { raise ActionController::ParameterMissing.new(key, @parameters.keys) }
      end
    }
  )
end

#hash ⇒ Object 



284
285
286
 
# File 'lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 284

def hash
  [@parameters.hash, @permitted].hash
end

#init_with(coder) ⇒ Object

:nodoc:



893
894
895
896
897
898
899
900
901
902
903
904
905
906
907
908
909
 
# File 'lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 893

def init_with(coder) # :nodoc:
  case coder.tag
  when "!ruby/hash:ActionController::Parameters"
    # YAML 2.0.8's format where hash instance variables weren't stored.
    @parameters = coder.map.with_indifferent_access
    @permitted  = false
  when "!ruby/hash-with-ivars:ActionController::Parameters"
    # YAML 2.0.9's Hash subclass format where keys and values
    # were stored under an elements hash and `permitted` within an ivars hash.
    @parameters = coder.map["elements"].with_indifferent_access
    @permitted  = coder.map["ivars"][:@permitted]
  when "!ruby/object:ActionController::Parameters"
    # YAML's Object format. Only needed because of the format
    # backwards compatibility above, otherwise equivalent to YAML's initialization.
    @parameters, @permitted = coder.map["parameters"], coder.map["permitted"]
  end
end

#inspect ⇒ Object 



880
881
882
 
# File 'lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 880

def inspect
  "#<#{self.class} #{@parameters} permitted: #{@permitted}>"
end

#keys ⇒ Object

:method: values

:call-seq:

values()

Returns a new array of the values of the parameters.



233
234
 
# File 'lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 233

delegate :keys, :key?, :has_key?, :member?, :values, :has_value?, :value?, :empty?, :include?,
:as_json, :to_s, :each_key, to: :@parameters

#merge(other_hash) ⇒ Object

Returns a new ActionController::Parameters with all keys from other_hash merged into current hash.



843
844
845
846
847
 
# File 'lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 843

def merge(other_hash)
  new_instance_with_inherited_permitted_status(
    @parameters.merge(other_hash.to_h)
  )
end

#merge!(other_hash) ⇒ Object

Returns current ActionController::Parameters instance with other_hash merged into current hash.



851
852
853
854
 
# File 'lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 851

def merge!(other_hash)
  @parameters.merge!(other_hash.to_h)
  self
end

#permit(*filters) ⇒ Object

Returns a new ActionController::Parameters instance that includes only the given filters and sets the permitted attribute for the object to true. This is useful for limiting which attributes should be allowed for mass updating.

params = ActionController::Parameters.new(user: { name: "Francesco", age: 22, role: "admin" })
permitted = params.require(:user).permit(:name, :age)
permitted.permitted?      # => true
permitted.has_key?(:name) # => true
permitted.has_key?(:age)  # => true
permitted.has_key?(:role) # => false

Only permitted scalars pass the filter. For example, given

params.permit(:name)

:name passes if it is a key of params whose associated value is of type String, Symbol, NilClass, Numeric, TrueClass, FalseClass, Date, Time, DateTime, StringIO, IO, ActionDispatch::Http::UploadedFile or Rack::Test::UploadedFile. Otherwise, the key :name is filtered out.

You may declare that the parameter should be an array of permitted scalars by mapping it to an empty array:

params = ActionController::Parameters.new(tags: ["rails", "parameters"])
params.permit(tags: [])

Sometimes it is not possible or convenient to declare the valid keys of a hash parameter or its internal structure. Just map to an empty hash:

params.permit(preferences: {})

Be careful because this opens the door to arbitrary input. In this case, permit ensures values in the returned structure are permitted scalars and filters out anything else.

You can also use permit on nested parameters, like:

params = ActionController::Parameters.new({
  person: {
    name: "Francesco",
    age:  22,
    pets: [{
      name: "Purplish",
      category: "dogs"
    }]
  }
})

permitted = params.permit(person: [ :name, { pets: :name } ])
permitted.permitted?                    # => true
permitted[:person][:name]               # => "Francesco"
permitted[:person][:age]                # => nil
permitted[:person][:pets][0][:name]     # => "Purplish"
permitted[:person][:pets][0][:category] # => nil

Note that if you use permit in a key that points to a hash, it won't allow all the hash. You also need to specify which attributes inside the hash should be permitted.

params = ActionController::Parameters.new({
  person: {
    contact: {
      email: "none@test.com",
      phone: "555-1234"
    }
  }
})

params.require(:person).permit(:contact)
# => #<ActionController::Parameters {} permitted: true>

params.require(:person).permit(contact: :phone)
# => #<ActionController::Parameters {"contact"=>#<ActionController::Parameters {"phone"=>"555-1234"} permitted: true>} permitted: true>

params.require(:person).permit(contact: [ :email, :phone ])
# => #<ActionController::Parameters {"contact"=>#<ActionController::Parameters {"email"=>"none@test.com", "phone"=>"555-1234"} permitted: true>} permitted: true>

If your parameters specify multiple parameters indexed by a number, you can permit each set of parameters under the numeric key to be the same using the same syntax as permitting a single item.

params = ActionController::Parameters.new({
  person: {
    '0': {
      email: "none@test.com",
      phone: "555-1234"
    },
    '1': {
      email: "nothing@test.com",
      phone: "555-6789"
    },
  }
})
params.permit(person: [:email]).to_h
# => {"person"=>{"0"=>{"email"=>"none@test.com"}, "1"=>{"email"=>"nothing@test.com"}}}

If you want to specify what keys you want from each numeric key, you can instead specify each one individually

params = ActionController::Parameters.new({
  person: {
    '0': {
      email: "none@test.com",
      phone: "555-1234"
    },
    '1': {
      email: "nothing@test.com",
      phone: "555-6789"
    },
  }
})
params.permit(person: { '0': [:email], '1': [:phone]}).to_h
# => {"person"=>{"0"=>{"email"=>"none@test.com"}, "1"=>{"phone"=>"555-6789"}}}



615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
 
# File 'lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 615

def permit(*filters)
  params = self.class.new

  filters.flatten.each do |filter|
    case filter
    when Symbol, String
      permitted_scalar_filter(params, filter)
    when Hash
      hash_filter(params, filter)
    end
  end

  unpermitted_parameters!(params) if self.class.action_on_unpermitted_parameters

  params.permit!
end

#permit! ⇒ Object

Sets the permitted attribute to true. This can be used to pass mass assignment. Returns self.

class Person < ActiveRecord::Base
end

params = ActionController::Parameters.new(name: "Francesco")
params.permitted?  # => false
Person.new(params) # => ActiveModel::ForbiddenAttributesError
params.permit!
params.permitted?  # => true
Person.new(params) # => #<Person id: nil, name: "Francesco">



428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
 
# File 'lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 428

def permit!
  each_pair do |key, value|
    Array.wrap(value).flatten.each do |v|
      v.permit! if v.respond_to? :permit!
    end
  end

  @permitted = true
  self
end

#permitted? ⇒ Boolean

Returns true if the parameter is permitted, false otherwise.

params = ActionController::Parameters.new
params.permitted? # => false
params.permit!
params.permitted? # => true

Returns:

  • (Boolean) 


412
413
414
 
# File 'lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 412

def permitted?
  @permitted
end

#reject(&block) ⇒ Object

Returns a new instance of ActionController::Parameters with items that the block evaluates to true removed.



802
803
804
 
# File 'lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 802

def reject(&block)
  new_instance_with_inherited_permitted_status(@parameters.reject(&block))
end

#reject!(&block) ⇒ Object Also known as: delete_if

Removes items that the block evaluates to true and returns self.



807
808
809
810
 
# File 'lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 807

def reject!(&block)
  @parameters.reject!(&block)
  self
end

#require(key) ⇒ Object Also known as: required

This method accepts both a single key and an array of keys.

When passed a single key, if it exists and its associated value is either present or the singleton false, returns said value:

ActionController::Parameters.new(person: { name: "Francesco" }).require(:person)
# => #<ActionController::Parameters {"name"=>"Francesco"} permitted: false>

Otherwise raises ActionController::ParameterMissing:

ActionController::Parameters.new.require(:person)
# ActionController::ParameterMissing: param is missing or the value is empty: person

ActionController::Parameters.new(person: nil).require(:person)
# ActionController::ParameterMissing: param is missing or the value is empty: person

ActionController::Parameters.new(person: "\t").require(:person)
# ActionController::ParameterMissing: param is missing or the value is empty: person

ActionController::Parameters.new(person: {}).require(:person)
# ActionController::ParameterMissing: param is missing or the value is empty: person

When given an array of keys, the method tries to require each one of them in order. If it succeeds, an array with the respective return values is returned:

params = ActionController::Parameters.new(user: { ... }, profile: { ... })
user_params, profile_params = params.require([:user, :profile])

Otherwise, the method re-raises the first exception found:

params = ActionController::Parameters.new(user: {}, profile: {})
user_params, profile_params = params.require([:user, :profile])
# ActionController::ParameterMissing: param is missing or the value is empty: user

Technically this method can be used to fetch terminal values:

# CAREFUL
params = ActionController::Parameters.new(person: { name: "Finn" })
name = params.require(:person).require(:name) # CAREFUL

but take into account that at some point those ones have to be permitted:

def person_params
  params.require(:person).permit(:name).tap do |person_params|
    person_params.require(:name) # SAFER
  end
end

for example.



489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
 
# File 'lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 489

def require(key)
  return key.map { |k| require(k) } if key.is_a?(Array)
  value = self[key]
  if value.present? || value == false
    value
  else
    raise ParameterMissing.new(key, @parameters.keys)
  end
end

#reverse_merge(other_hash) ⇒ Object Also known as: with_defaults

Returns a new ActionController::Parameters with all keys from current hash merged into other_hash.



858
859
860
861
862
 
# File 'lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 858

def reverse_merge(other_hash)
  new_instance_with_inherited_permitted_status(
    other_hash.to_h.merge(@parameters)
  )
end

#reverse_merge!(other_hash) ⇒ Object Also known as: with_defaults!

Returns current ActionController::Parameters instance with current hash merged into other_hash.



867
868
869
870
 
# File 'lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 867

def reverse_merge!(other_hash)
  @parameters.merge!(other_hash.to_h) { |key, left, right| left }
  self
end

#select(&block) ⇒ Object

Returns a new instance of ActionController::Parameters with only items that the block evaluates to true.



789
790
791
 
# File 'lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 789

def select(&block)
  new_instance_with_inherited_permitted_status(@parameters.select(&block))
end

#select!(&block) ⇒ Object Also known as: keep_if

Equivalent to Hash#keep_if, but returns nil if no changes were made.



794
795
796
797
 
# File 'lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 794

def select!(&block)
  @parameters.select!(&block)
  self
end

#slice(*keys) ⇒ Object

Returns a new ActionController::Parameters instance that includes only the given keys. If the given keys don't exist, returns an empty hash.

params = ActionController::Parameters.new(a: 1, b: 2, c: 3)
params.slice(:a, :b) # => #<ActionController::Parameters {"a"=>1, "b"=>2} permitted: false>
params.slice(:d)     # => #<ActionController::Parameters {} permitted: false>



694
695
696
 
# File 'lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 694

def slice(*keys)
  new_instance_with_inherited_permitted_status(@parameters.slice(*keys))
end

#slice!(*keys) ⇒ Object

Returns current ActionController::Parameters instance which contains only the given keys.



700
701
702
703
 
# File 'lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 700

def slice!(*keys)
  @parameters.slice!(*keys)
  self
end

#stringify_keys ⇒ Object

This is required by ActiveModel attribute assignment, so that user can pass Parameters to a mass assignment methods in a model. It should not matter as we are using HashWithIndifferentAccess internally.



876
877
878
 
# File 'lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 876

def stringify_keys # :nodoc:
  dup
end

#to_h ⇒ Object

Returns a safe ActiveSupport::HashWithIndifferentAccess representation of the parameters with all unpermitted keys removed.

params = ActionController::Parameters.new({
  name: "Senjougahara Hitagi",
  oddity: "Heavy stone crab"
})
params.to_h
# => ActionController::UnfilteredParameters: unable to convert unpermitted parameters to hash

safe_params = params.permit(:name)
safe_params.to_h # => {"name"=>"Senjougahara Hitagi"}



300
301
302
303
304
305
306
 
# File 'lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 300

def to_h
  if permitted?
    convert_parameters_to_hashes(@parameters, :to_h)
  else
    raise UnfilteredParameters
  end
end

#to_hash ⇒ Object

Returns a safe Hash representation of the parameters with all unpermitted keys removed.

params = ActionController::Parameters.new({
  name: "Senjougahara Hitagi",
  oddity: "Heavy stone crab"
})
params.to_hash
# => ActionController::UnfilteredParameters: unable to convert unpermitted parameters to hash

safe_params = params.permit(:name)
safe_params.to_hash # => {"name"=>"Senjougahara Hitagi"}



320
321
322
 
# File 'lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 320

def to_hash
  to_h.to_hash
end

#to_query(*args) ⇒ Object Also known as: to_param

Returns a string representation of the receiver suitable for use as a URL query string:

params = ActionController::Parameters.new({
  name: "David",
  nationality: "Danish"
})
params.to_query
# => ActionController::UnfilteredParameters: unable to convert unpermitted parameters to hash

safe_params = params.permit(:name, :nationality)
safe_params.to_query
# => "name=David&nationality=Danish"

An optional namespace can be passed to enclose key names:

params = ActionController::Parameters.new({
  name: "David",
  nationality: "Danish"
})
safe_params = params.permit(:name, :nationality)
safe_params.to_query("user")
# => "user%5Bname%5D=David&user%5Bnationality%5D=Danish"

The string pairs “key=value” that conform the query string are sorted lexicographically in ascending order.

This method is also aliased as to_param.



352
353
354
 
# File 'lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 352

def to_query(*args)
  to_h.to_query(*args)
end

#to_unsafe_h ⇒ Object Also known as: to_unsafe_hash

Returns an unsafe, unfiltered ActiveSupport::HashWithIndifferentAccess representation of the parameters.

params = ActionController::Parameters.new({
  name: "Senjougahara Hitagi",
  oddity: "Heavy stone crab"
})
params.to_unsafe_h
# => {"name"=>"Senjougahara Hitagi", "oddity" => "Heavy stone crab"}



367
368
369
 
# File 'lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 367

def to_unsafe_h
  convert_parameters_to_hashes(@parameters, :to_unsafe_h)
end

#transform_keys(&block) ⇒ Object

Returns a new ActionController::Parameters instance with the results of running block once for every key. The values are unchanged.



747
748
749
750
751
752
 
# File 'lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 747

def transform_keys(&block)
  return to_enum(:transform_keys) unless block_given?
  new_instance_with_inherited_permitted_status(
    @parameters.transform_keys(&block)
  )
end

#transform_keys!(&block) ⇒ Object

Performs keys transformation and returns the altered ActionController::Parameters instance.



756
757
758
759
760
 
# File 'lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 756

def transform_keys!(&block)
  return to_enum(:transform_keys!) unless block_given?
  @parameters.transform_keys!(&block)
  self
end

#transform_values ⇒ Object

Returns a new ActionController::Parameters with the results of running block once for every value. The keys are unchanged.

params = ActionController::Parameters.new(a: 1, b: 2, c: 3)
params.transform_values { |x| x * 2 }
# => #<ActionController::Parameters {"a"=>2, "b"=>4, "c"=>6} permitted: false>



730
731
732
733
734
735
 
# File 'lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 730

def transform_values
  return to_enum(:transform_values) unless block_given?
  new_instance_with_inherited_permitted_status(
    @parameters.transform_values { |v| yield convert_value_to_parameters(v) }
  )
end

#transform_values! ⇒ Object

Performs values transformation and returns the altered ActionController::Parameters instance.



739
740
741
742
743
 
# File 'lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 739

def transform_values!
  return to_enum(:transform_values!) unless block_given?
  @parameters.transform_values! { |v| yield convert_value_to_parameters(v) }
  self
end

#values_at(*keys) ⇒ Object

Returns values that were assigned to the given keys. Note that all the Hash objects will be converted to ActionController::Parameters.



837
838
839
 
# File 'lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 837

def values_at(*keys)
  convert_value_to_parameters(@parameters.values_at(*keys))
end